Flood Analysis Using HEC-RAS and HEC-HMS: A Case Study of Khazir River (Middle East—Northern Iraq)

AL-Hussein, Asaad A. M.; Khan, Shuhab D.; Ncibi, Kaouther; Hamdi, Noureddine; Hamed, Younes

doi:10.3390/w14223779

Cited by 37 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Several studies have revealed that Iraq, including HQW, has undergone devastating floods and drought episodes in recent years [10,59,[115][116][117][118]. However, despite receiving a substantial volume of precipitation, the surface water in HQW has not been adequately exploited due to a lack of runoff harvesting structures (e.g., dams), where most runoff waters are lost to drainage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proposing Optimal Locations for Runoff Harvesting and Water Management Structures in the Hami Qeshan Watershed, Iraq

Al-Kakey,

Othman,

Al-Mukhtar

et al. 2023

IJGI

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Iraq, including the investigated watershed, has endured destructive floods and drought due to precipitation variability in recent years. Protecting susceptible areas from flooding and ensuring water supply is essential for maintaining basic human needs, agricultural production, and industry development. Therefore, locating and constructing storage structures is a significant initiative to alleviate flooding and conserve excessive surface water for future growth. This study aims to identify suitable locations for Runoff Harvesting (RH) and dam construction in the Hami Qeshan Watershed (HQW), Slemani Governorate, Iraq. We integrated in situ data, remotely sensed images, and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) approaches for site selection within the Geographical Information Systems (GIS) environment. A total of ten criteria were employed to generate the RH suitability maps, including topographic position index, lithology, slope, precipitation, soil group, stream width, land cover, elevation, distance to faults, and distance to town/city. The weights of the utilized factors were determined via Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The resulting RH maps were validated through 16 dam sites preselected by the Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources (MAWR). Findings showed that the WLC method slightly outperformed AHP regarding efficiency and exhibited a higher overall accuracy. WLC achieved a higher average overall accuracy of 69%; consequently, it was chosen to locate new multipurpose dams for runoff harvesting in the study area. The overall accuracy of the 10 suggested locations in HQW ranged between 66% and 87%. Two of these sites align with the 16 locations MAWR has recommended: sites 2 and 5 in the northwest of HQW. It is noteworthy that all MAWR dam sites were situated in medium to excellent RH zones; however, they mostly sat on ineffective geological localities. It is concluded that a careful selection of the predictive factors and their respective weights is far more critical than the applied methods. This research offers decision-makers a practical and cost-effective tool for screening site suitability in data-scarce rugged terrains.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proposing Optimal Locations for Runoff Harvesting and Water Management Structures in the Hami Qeshan Watershed, Iraq

Al-Kakey,

Othman,

Al-Mukhtar

et al. 2023

IJGI

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“…The simulation is carried out utilizing the HEC-HMS software, which was developed by the Center for Hydrological Engineering in collaboration with the US Army Corps of Engineers. This software has been widely employed in various hydrological research endeavors and is designed to replicate rainfallrunoff processes in diverse geographical areas, encompassing floods, water resources, and both small and large river basins, as well as urban and natural runoff from watersheds [6]. Applying the SCS Unit Hydrograph method, this study aims to establish a model of watershed characteristics, including soil type, vegetation cover, and land usage, and the corresponding runoff curve numbers.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land use change analysis and the impact on the streamflow of the Keureuto River

Alief,

Khairullah,

Fadhliani

2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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The increasing of population is proportional to the natural resource’s exploitation. Over the past few decades, the activity has converted the natural land into agricultural and plantation fields, urbanized areas, and other types of use. In some watershed systems, land use conversion has reduced the system’s capability both in sustaining water resources and in preventing extreme runoff. Such is the case of the 302 km2 Krueng Keureuto Watershed which supports the water supply for the North Aceh District, both for irrigation and municipal use. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the land use change in the system and its impact on the streamflow. The land use is classified based on the Landsat satellite images of the year 2015 and 2021, using the Supervised Classification tool in ArcGIS. The impact is investigated using a Hydrologic Modelling System (HEC-HMS). The outlet is defined based on the Automatic Water Level Recording (AWLR) station downstream of the Keureuto River. A significant reduction of the forest is estimated at 27.67% in seven years. In contrast, the land use types such as urbanized areas, agricultural fields, and shrubs are increasing to 6.34%; 4.75%; and 5.75%, respectively. Based on the model simulation it is confirmed that the changes in land use have altered the river flow regime.

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“…It is also important to discuss applications of other hydrological models that have similar functionalities as SWAT model. There will be two models presented: HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS model [23][24][25][26]. HEC-HMS is a hydrologic modelling program that allows to establish rainfall-runoff relationships based on watershed characteristics.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fields of Application of SWAT Hydrological Model—A Review

Janjić

Tadić

2023

Earth

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Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is a widely used model for runoff, non-point source pollution, and other complex hydrological processes under changing environments (groundwater flow, evapotranspiration, snow melting, etc.). This paper reviews the key characteristics and applications of SWAT. Since its inception in the 1990s, there has been a significant increase in the number of articles related to the SWAT model. In the last 10 years, the number of articles almost reached 4000. The range of applications varies between small and large scales; however, large watershed modelling dominates in North America and Asia. Moreover, the prevailing modelling is related to hydrological impacts in a changing environment, which is a global problem. The significant shortcoming of the SWAT model is the vast quantity of data necessary to run the model to generate accurate and reliable results, which is not accessible in some regions of the world. Apart from its accessibility, it has several advantages, including continuous development, which results in a slew of new interfaces and tools supporting the model. Additionally, it can simulate human activity and agricultural measures and adapt to new circumstances and situations. This article emphasizes weaknesses and strengths of SWAT model application on modelling of hydrological processes in changing climate and environment.

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Flood Analysis Using HEC-RAS and HEC-HMS: A Case Study of Khazir River (Middle East—Northern Iraq)

Cited by 37 publications

References 15 publications

Proposing Optimal Locations for Runoff Harvesting and Water Management Structures in the Hami Qeshan Watershed, Iraq

Proposing Optimal Locations for Runoff Harvesting and Water Management Structures in the Hami Qeshan Watershed, Iraq

Land use change analysis and the impact on the streamflow of the Keureuto River

Fields of Application of SWAT Hydrological Model—A Review

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