Flood and salinity stress of wetland woody species, buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis) and swamp tupelo (Nyssa sylvatica var.biflora)

McCarron, James K.; McLeod, Kenneth W.; Conner, William H.

doi:10.1007/bf03161653

Cited by 26 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…All of the tree species found in the swamps of coastal Louisiana are sensitive to salinity at relatively low concentrations (i.e., 2-7 psu). Most studies investigating the effects of salinity and flooding on tree seedlings also found that there is a negative interaction between salinity and flooding (Conner andAskew, 1992, 1993;McCarron et al, 1998). The flooding estimates used in our analysis were based on stage readings at Pass Manchac, which have been found to be affected by local precipitation but also by the wind-driven circulation of the nearby Gulf of Mexico (Thomson et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Through droughts and hurricanes: Tree mortality, forest structure, and biomass production in a coastal swamp targeted for restoration in the Mississippi River Deltaic Plain

Hoeppner

Shaffer

Perkins

2008

Forest Ecology and Management

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Through droughts and hurricanes: Tree mortality, forest structure, and biomass production in a coastal swamp targeted for restoration in the Mississippi River Deltaic Plain

Hoeppner

Shaffer

Perkins

2008

Forest Ecology and Management

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“…many species, from flood-sensitive crop species (Ashraf and Rehman, 1999;Bradford, 1983) to relatively flood-tolerant wetland ones (Ashraf, 2003;McCarron et al, 1998). However, the net photosynthesis rate at the leaf level could not fully explain the growth at the plant or canopy level; this can be considered a useful, indicative relation in comparative terms (Ehleringer and Field, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and Anatomical Basis of Differential Tolerance to Soil Flooding of Lotus corniculatus L. and Lotus glaber Mill

et al. 2005

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Lotus corniculatus L. and Lotus glaber Mill. are warm-season legume species adapted to many kinds of environmental stress, including flooding conditions, whereas other popular forage legumes, like alfalfa or white clover, cannot thrive. This study evaluates the relationship between root aerenchyma, water relations and leaf gas exchange and the differential tolerance to soil flooding of L. corniculatus and L. glaber. Adult plants of these species, established independently in grasslands mesocosms, were subjected to 40 days of early spring flooding at a water depth of 6 cm. Both species presented constitutive aerenchyma tissue in the roots. Under flooding conditions, this parameter was 26.2% in L. glaber and 15.3% in L. corniculatus. In addition, flooded plants of L. glaber presented a leaf biomass 47.5% higher above water while L. corniculatus showed a leaf biomass 59.6% lower in the same layer, in comparison to control plants. Flooded plants of L. glaber maintained the stomatal conductance (g s ) and transpiration rate (E) for 25 days, although these parameters reduce slightly to 40À60% in comparison to controls after 40 days of flooding. In this species, a reduction in photosynthesis (A) in flooding conditions was detected only on the last day of measurement. In L. corniculatus, the same parameters (g s , E and A) were affected by flooding since day 18 of treatment, and values reached 25À40% in comparison to control plants after 40 days of flooding. Flooding did not affect above-ground biomass in L. glaber; while in L. corniculatus, above-ground biomass was 35% lower than in control plants. Our results confirmed that L. glaber is more able to cope with flooding stress than L. corniculatus, even in the presence of natural competitors. On the whole, this experiment provides information that can aid in the identification of anatomical and physiological parameters associated with flood-tolerance in this forage legume species, with economic potential for the agricultural areas subject to periodic flooding.

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“…Flood depth was maintained at 5 cm over the soil surface. Previous experiments had shown that other woody species could tolerate at least 2 ppt salinity (Conner et al 1997;McCarron et al 1998) and that Taxodium distichum could be naturally found growing in 15.3 ppt water (Allen et al 1994). It was felt that these oak species would not tolerate salt concentrations as high as other species and that they would probably respond very quickly.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Photosynthesis and water relations of four oak species: impact of flooding and salinity

McLeod

McCarron

Conner

1999

Trees

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As global climate changes, sea level rise and increased frequency of hurricanes will expose coastal forests to increased flooding and salinity. Quercus species are frequently dominant in these forest, yet little is known about their salinity tolerance, especially in combination with flooding. In this study, 1-year-old seedlings of Quercus lyrata Walt. (overcup oak), Q. michauxii Nutt. (swamp chestnut oak), Q. nigra L. (water oak), and Q. nuttallii Palmer (Nuttall oak) were chronically (simulating sea level rise) and acutely (simulating hurricane storm surge) exposed to increased flooding and salinity, individually and in combination. The four species demonstrated two response patterns of photosynthesis (A), conductance, and leaf water potential, apparently related to their relative flood tolerance. In Q. lyrata, Q. nuttallii, and Q. nigra (moderately flood-tolerant), A was not immediately reduced after the initiation of the freshwater flooding, but was reduced as the duration of flooding increased. In the second pattern, demonstrated by the weakly flood-tolerant Q. michauxii, A was immediately reduced by freshwater flooding with an increasing impact over time. Watering with 2 parts per thousand (ppt) saline water did not consistently reduce A, but flooding with 2 ppt reduced A of all species, similar to the response with freshwater flooding. Photosynthesis of all species was reduced by 6 ppt watering or flooding, with the latter treatment killing all species within 8 weeks. When acutely exposed to 30 ppt salinity, A was quickly and severely reduced regardless of whether the seedlings were watered or flooded. Acutely flooded seedlings exposed to high salinity died within 2 weeks, but seedlings watered with 30 ppt saline water recovered and A was not reduced the following spring. As saline flooding of coastal areas increases due to sea level rise, photosynthesis of these species will be differentially affected based primarily on their flood tolerance. This suggests that increased flooding associated with sea level rise will impact these tree species to a greater extent than small increases in soil salinity. High salinity accompanying storm surges will be very harmful to all of these species.& k w d :

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Flood and salinity stress of wetland woody species, buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis) and swamp tupelo (Nyssa sylvatica var.biflora)

Cited by 26 publications

References 21 publications

Through droughts and hurricanes: Tree mortality, forest structure, and biomass production in a coastal swamp targeted for restoration in the Mississippi River Deltaic Plain

Through droughts and hurricanes: Tree mortality, forest structure, and biomass production in a coastal swamp targeted for restoration in the Mississippi River Deltaic Plain

Physiological and Anatomical Basis of Differential Tolerance to Soil Flooding of Lotus corniculatus L. and Lotus glaber Mill

Photosynthesis and water relations of four oak species: impact of flooding and salinity

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