Flood Economy Appraisal: An Overview of the Malaysian Scenario

Lee, Wei-Koon; Mohamad, Irma Noorazurah

doi:10.1007/978-981-4585-02-6_23

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…In Peninsular Malaysia, damage and fatalities caused by the observed spectrum of hydrological extremes in the main monsoon seasons pose great challenges to local sustainable development (e.g. Chan and Parker 1996;Mohd et al 2006;Lee and Mohamad 2014;Muqtada et al 2014). These challenges have become more aggravated and complex in the past four decades as local rain gauge records suggest increasing trends in the occurrence of precipitation extremes across Peninsular Malaysia (Syafrina et al 2015;Mayowa et al 2015), which is set in the context of the general increase in the annual total precipitation (Mayowa et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Projected near-term changes in monsoon precipitation over Peninsular Malaysia in the HighResMIP multi-model ensembles

Liang

Tan²,

Catto³

et al. 2022

Clim Dyn

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Changes in the monsoon season rainfall over Peninsular Malaysia by the mid-21st century are examined using multi-model ensemble data from the CMIP6 HighResMIP experiments. We examine simulations of the present and future climate simulations run under a high emission scenario of greenhouse gases from the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP5-8.5). The combined effects of horizontal and vertical resolutions on the projected changes in monsoon rainfall and associated environmental fields are investigated by comparing the ensemble mean of the projected changes utilizing appropriate multi-model groupings. The results indicate a projected decrease (by up to 11% near Mersing of eastern Johor, for the period 2031–2050 relative to 1981–2000) in monsoon precipitation along the southeastern coast of Peninsular Malaysia during the northeast monsoon season associated with the projected weakening of the monsoon flow during boreal winter. For the northwestern regions (e.g. Perak) often affected by severe floods, a significant increase in precipitation (by up to 33%) is projected during the southwest monsoon season, partly driven by the projected strengthening of the cross-equatorial flow and the weakened low-level anti-cyclonic shear of winds in boreal summer. However, the magnitudes and signal-to-noise ratios of the projected changes vary considerably with respect to different horizontal and vertical resolutions. Firstly, models with relatively high horizontal and vertical resolutions project a more significant decrease in precipitation during the northeast monsoon season. Secondly, for the southwest monsoon season, models with relatively high horizontal resolutions project larger magnitudes of increases in precipitation over the northern region, while smaller increases are found in simulations with relatively high vertical resolutions. Generally, reduced ensemble spread and increased signal-to-noise ratios are found in simulations at higher horizontal and vertical resolutions, suggesting increased confidence in model projections with increased model resolution.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Projected near-term changes in monsoon precipitation over Peninsular Malaysia in the HighResMIP multi-model ensembles

Liang

Tan²,

Catto³

et al. 2022

Clim Dyn

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“…While attention has been massively geared towards making cities resilient and resistant to large-scale emergency events, the occurrence of minor emergency events (also known as contingencies) is increasing particularly in developing countries. The occurrences of all forms of urban contingencies such as road accident (Worley, 2015; Esmael et al , 2013; Jacobs and Sayer, 1984), flooding (Du et al , 2015; Güneralp et al , 2015; Lee and Mohamad, 2014; Jha et al , 2012), building collapse (Bendito and Gutiérrez, 2015; Kamau et al , 2014; Mkula, 2014; Patralekha, 2014; Windapo, and Rotimi, 2012, fire outbreak (Navitas, 2014; Forkuo and Quaye-Ballard, 2013; PreventionWeb, 2011; Ansari, 1992) and civil unrest (Ghimire et al , 2015; Hendrix and Haggard, 2015; Hiatt and Sine, 2014), among others, have significantly increased in many urban centres across the globe (Lambert, 2015; Mitchell et al , 2015; Liu et al , 2014; Bull-Kamanga et al , 2003). Because these classes of urban events are not perceived to generate severe impacts compared to other environmental threats, the level of preparedness for them is often low, especially in developing countries, where they are seen as necessary components of urbanization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban critical infrastructure interdependencies in emergency management

Baloye

Palamuleni

2017

DPM

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to map the cascade effects of emergencies on critical infrastructure in a fast-growing city of a developing country. The paper specifically seeks to refocus the attention of decision makers and emergency managers towards a more effective way of reducing risk and costs associated with contingencies. Design/methodology/approach The study was based on a 2D representation of the three initiating events of fire, flood and automobile crashes. Detailed analysis was undertaken of the effects on the critical infrastructure, based on the probability of occurrence, frequency, spatial extent and degree of damage for the emergencies studied. Subsequently, a cascade matrix was generated to analyse the level of interaction or interdependencies between the participating critical infrastructures in the study area. A model of the cascade effects under a typical emergency was also generated using a software model of network trace functions. Findings The results show that while different levels of probability of occurrence, frequency and extent of damage was observed on the evaluated critical infrastructure under different emergency events, damage to the electricity distribution components of the critical infrastructure recorded the highest cascade effect for all emergency events. Originality/value This paper underlines the need to pay greater attention to providing protection to critical infrastructure in the rapidly growing cities, especially in developing countries. Findings from this study in Abeokuta, Nigeria, underscore the needs to expand the prevailing critical infrastructure protection beyond the current power and oil sectors in the national development plan. They also highlight the urgency for greater research attention to critical infrastructure inventories. More importantly, the results stress the need for concerted efforts towards proactive emergency management procedures, rather than maintaining the established “fire brigade, window dressing” approach to emergency management, at all levels of administration.

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