Flood Hazards Mitigation Analysis Using Remote Sensing and GIS: Correspondence with Town Planning Scheme

Abstract:Floods are natural disasters with significant socio-economic consequences. Urban areas with uncontrolled urban development, rapid population growth, an unregulated municipal system and an unplanned change of land use belong to the highly sensitive areas where floods cause devastating economic and social losses. The aim of this paper is to present a reliable GIS multi-criteria methodology for hazard zones' mapping of flood-prone areas in urban areas. The proposed methodology is based on the combined application of geographical information systems (GIS) and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). The methodology considers six factors that are relevant to the hazard of flooding in urban areas: the height, slope, distance to the sewage network, the distance from the water surface, the water table and land use. The expert evaluation takes into account the nature and severity of observed criteria, and it is tested using three scenarios: the modalities of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The first of them uses a new approach to the exploitation of uncertainty in the application of the AHP technique, the interval rough numbers (IR'AHP). The second one uses the fuzzy technique for the exploitation of uncertainty with the AHP method (F'AHP), and the third scenario contemplates the use of the traditional (crisp) AHP method. The proposed methodology is demonstrated in Palilula Municipality, Belgrade, Serbia. In the last few decades, Palilula Municipality has been repeatedly devastated by extreme flood events. These floods severely affected the transportation networks and other infrastructure. Historical flood inundation data have been used in the validation process. The final urban flood hazard map proves a satisfactory agreement between the flood hazard zones and the spatial distribution of historical floods that happened in the last 58 years. The results indicate that the scenario in which the IR'AHP methodology is used provides the highest level of compatibility with historical data on floods. The produced map showed that the areas of very high flood hazard are located on the left Danube River bank. These areas are characterized by lowland morphology, gentle slope, sewage network, expansion of impermeable locations and intense urbanization. The proposed GIS-IR'AHP methodology and the results of this study provide a good basis for developing a system of flood hazard management in urban areas and can be successfully used for spatial city development policy.

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“…Experts' weighted coefficients are obtained by normalizing the reciprocal value of the consistency ratio, Equations (16) and (17).…”

Section: Ir'ahp Mathematical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of GIS-Interval Rough AHP Methodology for Flood Hazard Mapping in Urban Areas

Gigović

Pamučar

Bajić

et al. 2017

Water

231

122

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“…As such, since the construction of the dam floods in Surat are socio-natural hazards 10 (Birkmann et al, 2013) , low flow = 640 m 3 s -1 ). During this catastrophic flood 75% of the city was 15 flooded, an estimated 40% of the city inhabitants received no warning about the dam release, human deaths totalled 300 and damages exceeded 3 billion USD (Bhat et al, 2013;Patel and Srivastava, 2013). Since 2006 embankments alongside the river have been raised and no major floods have occurred, but the effectiveness of these embankments is questionable because future climate change within the Tapi basin during the monsoon season is expected to have a 30% increase in rainfall (Mishra and Lilhare, 2016) and increased occurrence of extreme rainfall events (200-350 mm/day) (Bhat et al, 2013;Deshpande et al, 20 2016).…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Flood modeling can make a difference: Disaster risk-reduction and resilience-building in urban areas

Ramı́rez

Rajasekar²,

Patel

et al. 2016

Preprint

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Abstract. Surat, India is a coastal city with a population of approximately 4.5 million people that lies on the banks of the river 10Tapi and is located 100 km downstream from the Ukai dam. Given Surat's geographic location the city is repeatedly exposed to flooding caused by large emergency dam releases into the Tapi river combined with high tide water levels. Flood events of this type occur twice a decade, but their frequency and magnitude may increase due to the urbanization, encroachment in flood plain and climate change. A first step towards strengthening resilience in Surat requires a robust method for mapping flood exposure at fine spatial resolution. Here, in this study we have developed such a method for Surat using a reduced-complexity 15 hydrodynamic model to simulate flooding, but is easily transferable to other urban locations. Our method features three distinct phases that involve: 1) modelling dam release discharge from the Ukai dam arriving at Surat, 2) modelling flooding within Surat caused by the combination of dam release and tides, and, 3) identifying Surat critical infrastructure, population, and income groups exposed to flooding. Our flood model of Surat utilizes topography produced using elevation data collected from an extensive survey. Within the city we have modelled flood scenarios that represent the uncertainty in flood peak discharge 20 and duration resulting from possible climate change. These scenarios include catastrophic conditions that flood 50% of the city and expose > 60% of the population and critical infrastructure to deep flooding. Finally, we highlight how our modelling has contributed to changes in flood risk management within the city following a major flood and resulted in actions that have increased community resilience to flood hazard.

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“…Geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) techniques have made significant contribution in natural hazard analysis (Vahidnia et al 2010;Haq et al 2012;Patel & Srivastava 2013;Pourghasemi et al 2013;Jaafari et al 2014;Moel et al 2014). Many studies have been done on flood susceptibility mapping and flood analysis using GIS (Bates 2004;Pradhan & Shafiee 2009;Sanyal & Lu 2009;White et al 2010;Strobl et al 2012;Pradhan et al 2014;Tehrany et al 2014aTehrany et al , 2014b.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flood hazard zoning in Yasooj region, Iran, using GIS and multi-criteria decision analysis

Rahmati

Zeinivand

Besharat

2015

Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk

352

136

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Flood is considered to be the most common natural disaster worldwide during the last decades. Flood hazard potential mapping is required for management and mitigation of flood. The present research was aimed to assess the efficiency of analytical hierarchical process (AHP) to identify potential flood hazard zones by comparing with the results of a hydraulic model. Initially, four parameters via distance to river, land use, elevation and land slope were used in some part of the Yasooj River, Iran. In order to determine the weight of each effective factor, questionnaires of comparison ratings on the Saaty's scale were prepared and distributed to eight experts. The normalized weights of criteria/parameters were determined based on Saaty's nine-point scale and its importance in specifying flood hazard potential zones using the AHP and eigenvector methods. The set of criteria were integrated by weighted linear combination method using ArcGIS 10.2 software to generate flood hazard prediction map. The inundation simulation (extent and depth of flood) was conducted using hydrodynamic program HEC-RAS for 50-and 100-year interval floods. The validation of the flood hazard prediction map was conducted based on flood extent and depth maps. The results showed that the AHP technique is promising of making accurate and reliable prediction for flood extent. Therefore, the AHP and geographic information system (GIS) techniques are suggested for assessment of the flood hazard potential, specifically in no-data regions.

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Flood Hazards Mitigation Analysis Using Remote Sensing and GIS: Correspondence with Town Planning Scheme

Cited by 134 publications

References 30 publications

Application of GIS-Interval Rough AHP Methodology for Flood Hazard Mapping in Urban Areas

Application of GIS-Interval Rough AHP Methodology for Flood Hazard Mapping in Urban Areas

Flood modeling can make a difference: Disaster risk-reduction and resilience-building in urban areas

Flood hazard zoning in Yasooj region, Iran, using GIS and multi-criteria decision analysis

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