Floral nectary structure, nectar production, and carbohydrate composition in the<i>Lilium</i>Asiatic hybrid ‘Trésor’

Stolar, Jessica StolarJ.; Davis, Arthur R.

doi:10.1139/b09-109

Cited by 7 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…showed that fructose was distinctly dominant to glucose. Conversely, in Lilium, sucrose was the most abundant nectar sugar (Stolar and Davis 2010). These results can probably be attributed to differences in pollinating agents, but field data for many Fritillaria and Lilium species are unfortunately scarce.…”

Section: Nectar Secretion and Resorptionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…However, nectary morphology are similar, irrespective of their position, and any variation in secretory activity might result from the somewhat larger tepals of the inner whorl. On the other hand, the Lilium hybrid Trésor displays a clear distinction between the perianth segments, but each petal and sepal produces a comparable amount of nectar sugars (Stolar and Davis 2010).…”

Section: Nectar Secretion and Resorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The flowers of F. meleagris produce a considerable amount of pollen and nectar and these are an important (Stolar and Davis 2010) that could restrict the feeding of insects with relatively long proboscises on nectar. However, the nodding of flowers of F. meleagris limits access to the reward to a relatively small group visitors, predominantly large Hymenoptera (Zych and Stpiczyńska 2012).…”

Section: Nectar Secretion and Resorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is also true of the family Liliaceae, which currently contains 16 genera (Fay and Chase 2000). Details of the structure of tepalar nectaries in the Asiatic Lilium hybrid Trésor were recently published (Stolar and Davis 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…They are present in most members of the subfamily Iridoideae, but in Nivenioideae and Crocoideae, nectaries are of the septal type (Vogel 1998;Rudall et al 2000;Smets et al 2000;Goldblatt and Manning 2008). Perigonal nectaries may be glandular, glabrous or trichomatous and are located at the base of perianth segments in Iridaceae (Rudall et al 2003) and Liliaceae (Bakhshi Khaniki and Persson 1997;Stolar and Davis 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Secretion and composition of nectar and the structure of perigonal nectaries in Fritillaria meleagris L. (Liliaceae)

2012

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The structure of perigonal nectaries, nectar production and carbohydrate composition were compared at various stages in the lifespan of the flower of Fritillaria meleagris L. The six nectaries each occupied a groove that is located 2-4 mm above the tepal base. The average nectary measured 11.0 mm long and 1.0-1.2 mm wide. The structure of nectaries situated on both inner and outer tepal whorls was identical, and at anthesis they were equally accessible to potential pollinators. However, secretion from nectaries associated with inner tepals tended to exceed that produced by nectaries located on the outer tepals. On average, regardless of flower stage, one flower secreted 10.87 ± 12.98 mg of nectar (mean and SD; N = 182). The nectar concentration ranged between 3 and 75%, with average concentration of sugars exceeding 50%. Both nectar production and concentration were dependent on the stage of anthesis, with the highest scores being recorded during full anthesis (21.75 ± 16.08 mg; 70.5%, mass and concentration, respectively) and the lowest at the end of anthesis (1.32 ± 2.69 mg; 16.9%, mass and concentration, respectively). A decline in both mass of nectar secreted and nectar concentration during the final stage of anthesis indicates nectar resorption. Nectar was composed of sucrose, glucose and fructose in approx. equal quantities, and its composition did not change significantly during subsequent stages of flowering. The nectaries comprised a single-layered secretory epidermis and several layers of subepidermal parenchyma. The nectariferous cells did not accumulate starch during any of the investigated stages. The nectary was supplied with one large and several smaller vascular bundles comprising xylem and phloem. Transport of assimilates and nectar secretion by protoplasts of secretory cells (and probably also nectar resorption) were facilitated by cell wall ingrowths present on the tangential walls of epidermal cells and subepidermal parenchyma. Epidermal cells lacked stomata. Nectar passed across the cell wall and through the cuticle which was clearly perforated with pores.

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Section: Nectar Secretion and Resorptionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Nectar Secretion and Resorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nectar Secretion and Resorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Secretion and composition of nectar and the structure of perigonal nectaries in Fritillaria meleagris L. (Liliaceae)

2012

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Micromorphological differentiation of Korean Disporum species using light and scanning electron microscopy

Kim

Choi

Lee

et al. 2021

Microscopy Res & Technique

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The genus Disporum Salisb. is widely distributed in East Asia, yet phylogenetically relevant morphological traits useful for differentiating many of the small, perennial, herbaceous species remain poorly described. To address this, leaf, floral, pollen, and orbicule micromorphology of four Korean Disporum species was investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy. All Korean Disporum species examined had hypostomatic leaves, with anomocytic stomatal complexes found only on the abaxial epidermis. Guard cell length varied among species, ranging from 44.30 μm in D. viridescens to 53.49 μm in D. uniflorum. The epidermal cells of the investigated Disporum taxa had sinuate anticlinal cell walls on both adaxial and abaxial surfaces. The surface of the guard and subsidiary cells were either smooth with weak striations or had strongly wrinkled striations. The pollen grains of all Korean Disporum taxa were monads, monosulcate with granular aperture membranes, subprolate to prolate in shape with microreticulate or verrucate exine surfaces. The mean size of pollen grains ranged from 46.38 to 49.92 μm in polar length and from 34.39 to 39.58 μm in equatorial diameter across species. Sexine ornamentation was a taxonomically relevant trait for differentiating Korean Disporum taxa. Additionally, the presence of orbicules as well as the orbicular characters (e.g., size, shape, ornamentation, and association pattern) are described for the first time in species from this genus. The present investigation of leaf and floral micromorphology using light and scanning electron microscopy provides valuable information for the taxonomic differentiation and identification of Disporum species in Korea. Research Highlights A detailed micromorphological description of leaf, floral characters (tepal, stigma, style), pollen and orbicule is provided for Korean Disporum species using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy (LM). The presence of orbicules and their taxonomic implications in Korean Disporum species are described for the first time. Phylogenetically informative pollen and orbicule micromorphological characters are described, improving understanding the systematic relationships of Korean species in the genus Disproum.

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Programmed cell death during floral nectary senescence in Ipomoea purpurea

Gui

Liu

2013

Protoplasma

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The nectaries of Ipomoea purpurea wilt in the late flowering period. The senescence process of nectaries is frequently associated with cell lysis. In this paper, various techniques were used to investigate whether programmed cell death (PCD) was involved in the senescence process of nectaries in I. purpurea. Ultrastructural studies showed that nectary cells began to undergo structural distortion, chromatin condensation, mitochondrial membrane degradation, and vacuolar-membrane dissolution and rupture after bloom. 4',6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated 2'-deoxyuridine-5'-triphosphate (dUTP) nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay showed that nectary cell nuclear DNA began to degrade during the budding stage, and disappeared in the fruiting stage. DNA gel electrophoresis showed that degradation of DNA was random. Together, these results suggest that PCD participate in the senescence of the nectary in I. purpurea. PCD began during the budding period, followed by significant changes in nectary morphology and structure during the flowering period. During the fruiting stage, the PCD process is complete and the nectary degrades.

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Floral nectary structure, nectar production, and carbohydrate composition in theLiliumAsiatic hybrid ‘Trésor’

Cited by 7 publications

References 68 publications

Secretion and composition of nectar and the structure of perigonal nectaries in Fritillaria meleagris L. (Liliaceae)

Secretion and composition of nectar and the structure of perigonal nectaries in Fritillaria meleagris L. (Liliaceae)

Micromorphological differentiation of Korean Disporum species using light and scanning electron microscopy

Programmed cell death during floral nectary senescence in Ipomoea purpurea

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