Floral Polymorphisms and Their Functional Significance in the Heterostylous Syndrome

Dulberger, Rivka

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-86656-2_3

Cited by 220 publications

(313 citation statements)

References 154 publications

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“…Although our results have shown that corolla length may vary among populations, the actual contribution of this variation for the reproductive success of each population is nevertheless uncertain. The increase in pollen size accompanied by an increase in anther size in short styled-morph, as we observed in P. ipecacuanha, is an association that has been reported in several other distylous species (Dulberger 1992, Pailler & Thompson 1997.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…In species that exhibits heteromorphic self-incompatibility, the stigma has typically a larger size in the long-styled morph, although the opposite has been reported for other groups (Dulberger 1992). Our data conforms to the opposite trend, because in P. ipecacuanha the short-styled morph presented larger stigmas.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Besides reciprocal positioning of anthers and stigmas, the floral morphs of distylous species can display several ancillary characteristics, such as size of stigmatic lobes, size and number of pollen grains (Dulberger 1992), color of the floral organs (Wolfe 2001), and corolla tube length (Pailler & Thompson 1997). However, several studies have shown that the morphological components of distyly can display some flexibility (Richards & Koptur 1993, Faivre & McDade 2001.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distyly and variation in floral traits in natural populations of Psychotria ipecacuanha (Brot.) Stokes (Rubiaceae)

Rossi¹,

Oliveira²,

Vieira³

2005

Rev. bras. Bot.

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-(Distyly and variation in floral traits in natural populations of Psychotria ipecacuanha (Brot.) Stokes (Rubiaceae)). Psychotria ipecacuanha is a perennial, medicinal herb that grows in clusters in the understory of humid, shady areas of the Atlantic Rain Forest of southeastern Brazil. The present study characterized the variation in floral traits among 35 clusters from three natural populations of this plant species. Field observations showed that the clusters are isomorphic, that is, a given cluster will either set long-styled or short-styled flowers. Stigmas and anthers are reciprocally placed in each morph, a dimorphism characteristic of distyly. The populations are isoplethic, that is, a given population exhibits an equilibrium 1:1 ratio of floral morphs. Morphometric analyses revealed that anther length, stigma length, corolla diameter, and pollen grain diameter were consistently greater in short-styled flowers, regardless of the population investigated. Significant differences for floral traits in the short-styled morph were found among populations. Floral traits in the long-styled morph also showed some significant differences among populations, but not for stigma height and corolla length. Controlled pollinations carried out in natural populations showed that fruit production was higher after inter-morph pollination. Nevertheless, observations of pollen tube growth in style, and also fruit production after spontaneous self-pollination and intra-morph pollination, indicated partial intramorph compatibility in this plant species.Key words -distyly, floral morphology, ipecac, medicinal plants, Psychotria ipecacuanha RESUMO -(Distilia e variação das características florais em populações naturais de Psychotria ipecacuanha (Brot.) Stokes (Rubiaceae)). Psychotria ipecacuanha é uma espécie medicinal que se desenvolve em agregados perenes, denominados reboleiras, em áreas úmidas e sombrias no sub-bosque da Floresta Atlântica. O presente trabalho caracterizou a variação de atributos florais em 35 reboleiras de três populações naturais desta espécie. Observações de campo mostraram que as reboleiras são isomórficas, isto é, apresentam apenas uma forma floral (brevistila ou longistila). Estigmas e anteras estão posicionados reciprocamente em cada forma floral, um dimorfismo característico de distilia. As populações são isopléticas, isto é, apresentam razão equilibrada (1:1) entre as formas florais. Análises comparativas da morfometria floral revelaram que, independente da população investigada, as flores brevistilas apresentaram maiores médias de comprimento da antera, comprimento do estigma, diâmetro da corola e diâmetro do grão de pólen. Flores brevistilas apresentaram diferenças interpopulacionais significativas com relação aos atributos florais investigados. Flores da forma longistila também apresentaram diferenças interpopulacionais significativas, exceto quanto à altura dos estigmas e ao comprimento da corola. Polinizações controladas conduzidas em condições naturais mostraram que a produção de fruto...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distyly and variation in floral traits in natural populations of Psychotria ipecacuanha (Brot.) Stokes (Rubiaceae)

Rossi¹,

Oliveira²,

Vieira³

2005

Rev. bras. Bot.

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“…Segundo Dulberger (1992), nas flores heterostílicas há deposição assimétrica de grãos de pólen, nas quais o estigma das flores longistilas captam mais pólen que o das flores brevistilas. Este fato ocorre devido aos estiletes das flores longistilas serem mais longos, permitindo maior contato dos polinizadores com a superfície estigmática, que nesta forma floral é maior e mais alongada.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…V. guianensis apresentou maior produção de grãos de pólen nas flores brevistilas, o que, segundo Ganders (1979), neutralizaria o fluxo diferenciado de pólen entre as formas florais. A morfologia polínica distinta entre as duas formas florais é característica freqüentemente associada aos táxons heterostílicos (Darwin 1877apud Vuilleumier 1967Erdtman 1966;Vuilleumier 1967;Dulberger 1975Dulberger , 1992Richards 1986). Nos estudos de Dulberger (1975) Augochloropsis sp.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Biologia floral e heterostilia em Vismia guianensis (Aubl.) Choisy (Clusiaceae)

Santos

Machado

1998

Acta Bot. Bras.

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Recebido em 28/01/1999. Aceito em 01/07/1999 RESUMO -(Biologia floral e heterostilia em Vismia guiallellsis (Aubl.) Choisy (Clusiaceae). Os estudos da biologia floral e reprodutiva e a caracterização da heterostilia em Vismia guiallellsis realizaram-se na Reserva Ecológica de Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, entre novembro/1997 e fevereirol 1998. V. guiallellsis é arbustiva, apresenta flores heterostílicas, distílicas, dispostas em panículas terminais. A antese é diurna e as flores têm duração de um dia. O volume de néctar das flores foi ca. 2,0)11 e a concentração de açúcares variou entre 46% e 68% nas duas formas florais. A viabilidade polínica foi aproximadamente de 93% nos dois tipos de flores. Com relação ao sistema reproduti vo, os testes de polinização controlada demonstraram que V. guiallellsis é autoincompatível, só produzindo frutos (55-65%) a partir da polinização interformas. Foram observadas visitas de Polybia sp. (Vespidae) e de diferentes espécies de abelhas, das quais Hylaeus sp. (Colletidae) e Augochloropsis sp. (Halictidae) foram as mais frequentes, sendo considerados, juntamente com Polybia sp., como os polinizadores efetivos. Devido ao sistema de reprodução do tipo xenogâmico, associado à heterostilia, o papel dos polinizadores é de fundamental importância para promover a reprodução sexuada da espécie.Palavras-chave -Vismia, Clusiaceae, heterostilia, melitofilia, pólen, biologia floral ABSTRACT -(Floral biology and heterostyly in Vismia guiallellsis (Aubl.) Choisy (Clusiaceae). The floral and reproducti ve biology of Vismia guiallellsis was studied in the Ecological Reserve of "Dois Irmãos", in Recife (PE), northeastern Brazil, from November/1997 to February/1998. V. guiallellsis is a shrubby species, wherein the flowers, heterostyled of the dimorphic type, are arranged in terminal panicles. The anthesis is diurnal and the flowers last for one day. Nectar volume was about 2,0)11, the sugar concentration varying from 46% to 68% in the two types of flowers. Pollen viability was ca. 93% for both long and short styled-flowers. V. guiallellsis is a self-incompatible species. Only the intermorph pollinations produced fruits (55-65%). Visits by Polybia sp. (Vespidae) and several species of bees were observed to flowers of V. guiallellsis. Hylaeus sp. (Colletidae), and Augochloropsis sp. (Halictidae) were the most frequent visitors, and were considered, together with Polybia sp., the effective pollinators. Due to the xenogamic reproductive system associated to the heterostylous mechanism, the pollinators have a fundamental role in promoting sexual reproduction in this plant species.

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Heterostyly promotes compatible pollination in buckwheats: Comparisons of intraflower, intraplant, and interplant pollen flow in distylous and homostylous Fagopyrum

Chang

Liu

et al. 2018

American J of Botany

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Floral Polymorphisms and Their Functional Significance in the Heterostylous Syndrome

Cited by 220 publications

References 154 publications

Distyly and variation in floral traits in natural populations of Psychotria ipecacuanha (Brot.) Stokes (Rubiaceae)

Distyly and variation in floral traits in natural populations of Psychotria ipecacuanha (Brot.) Stokes (Rubiaceae)

Biologia floral e heterostilia em Vismia guianensis (Aubl.) Choisy (Clusiaceae)

Heterostyly promotes compatible pollination in buckwheats: Comparisons of intraflower, intraplant, and interplant pollen flow in distylous and homostylous Fagopyrum

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