Floristic Composition and Density of Main Woody Species of the Parklands in Two Phytogeographical Zones in Burkina Faso

Abstract

Article HistoryThis study carries out in three villages belonging to the two phytogeographical zones (South-Sudanian and North-Sudanian sectors) in Burkina Faso. It intends to describe the floristic composition and calculate three main woody species density of the agroforestry parks in those two phytogeographical zones. The methodology consisted, on the one hand, to measure the area of fields and, on the other hand, the floristic species inventory. The results show that parklands in Bala (South-Sudanian phytogeographical zone) contains 14 species from 14 genus and 9 botanical families: Fabaceae-Caesalpinioideae, Fabaceae-Faboideae-Mimosoideae, Bombacaceae, Anacardiaceae, Meliaceae Combretaceae, Sapotaceae, Moraceae, and Verbenaceae. The parklands of Toessin and Bonogo (North-Sudanian sector) are rich of 51 species, 36 genus and 22 families which are, in additional to those cited in Bala Rubiaceae, Fabaceae-Faboideae, Ebenaceae Rhamnaceae, Balanitaceae, Anonnaceae, Myrtaceae, Bignoniaceae, Moringaceae, Apocynaceae, Sterculiaceae and Lythraceae. The calculation of trees density showed that the dominant woody species in the parks of Bala are in order of importance Vitellaria paradoxa, Parkia biglobosa and Tamarindus indica. Their maximum densities are respectively 66; 8 and 1 trees/ha. On the other hand, in Toessin and Bonogo, north-sudanian sector Lannea microcarpa, Vitellaria paradoxa, Parkia biglobosa predominate with maximum densities respectively from 34, 38 and 3 trees/ha. Contribution/Originality:This study contributes to the existing literature concerning floristic composition and density of the ligneous in the parklands. This study uses a new estimation methodology: measure, survey. This study is one of the very few studies which have investigated in these aspects. This study documents the knowledge on the ligneous and distribution. Source: Field survey, 2015. CONCLUSIONThis study has allowed us to realize that ligneous flora of parklands in phytogeographical South-Sudanian zone includes species of the Fabaceae-Caesalpinioideae, Fabaceae-Faboideae-Mimosoideae, Bombacaceae, Anacardiaceae and Meliaceae. However, the results we have obtained are inferior to the previous which have revealed the presence more species in the family Rubiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae-Faboideae, Annonaceae. Rutaceae, Boraginaceae, Ebenaceae, Tiliaceae, Celastraceae, Myrtaceae.Contrariwise, in the phytogeographical North-Sudanian zone, parklands are dominated by species of the Fabaceae-Faboideae-Mimosoideae, Fabaceae-Caesalpinioideae, Combretaceae, Anacardiaceae and Moraceae.These differences in the floristic composition between these two phytogeographical zones would be tributary to climatic conditions. In the parklands of the phytogeographical South-Sudanian zone, Vitellaria paradoxa, Parkia biglobosa and Tamaridus indica are 3 predominant species. The density of Vitellaria paradoxa reached 66 trees/ha, whith an