Flow Analysis Method for Determining the Concentration of Methanol and Ethanol in the Gas Phase Using the Nitrite Formation Reaction

Nguyen, Ha Thi-Hoang; Takenaka, Norimichi; Bandow, Hiroshi; Maeda, Yasuhiro

doi:10.1021/ac000538n

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Hence, there is an excellent chance for EtOH and NO to react with each other. NO reacts with alcohol to yield alky nitrites [144,145,146], which are also conveniently applied to alcohol determination in the aqueous solution [147,148] and biological samples [149]. The mechanism is that EtOH in vitro is nitrosated by NO or NO donors (e.g., N 2 O 3 and nitrosyl halides) to yield an O-nitroso compound or ethyl nitrite [150,151].…”

Section: Interaction Of Etoh With Nomentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethanol Metabolism and Effects: Nitric Oxide and its Interaction

Deng

Deitrich²

2007

CCP

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ethanol (EtOH) in alcoholic beverages is consumed by a large number of individuals and its elimination is primarily by oxidation. The role of nitric oxide (NO) in EtOH's effects is important since NO is one of the most prominent biological factors in mammals. NO is constantly formed endogenously from L-arginine. Dose and length of EtOH exposure, and cell type are the main factors affecting EtOH effects on NO production. Either acute or chronic EtOH ingestion affects inducible NO synthase (iNOS) activity. However it seems that EtOH suppresses induced-NO production by inhibition of iNOS in different cells. On the other hand, it is clear that acute low doses of EtOH increase both the release of NO and endothelial NOS (eNOS) expression, and augment endothelium-mediated vasodilatation, whereas higher doses impair endothelial functions. EtOH selectively affects neuronal NOS (nNOS) activity in different brain cells, which may relate to various behavioral interactions. Therefore, there is an excellent chance for EtOH and NO to react with each other. Effects of EtOH on NO production and NOS activity may be important to EtOH modification of cell or organ function. Nitrosated compounds (alkyl nitrites) are often found as the interaction products, which might be one of the minor pathways of EtOH metabolism. NO also inhibits EtOH metabolizing enzymes. Furthermore, NO is involved in EtOH induced liver damage and has a role in fetal development during EtOH exposure in pregnancy. The mechanisms underlying these effects are only partially understood. Hence, the current discussion of the interaction of EtOH and NO is presented.

show abstract

Section: Interaction Of Etoh With Nomentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethanol Metabolism and Effects: Nitric Oxide and its Interaction

Deng

Deitrich²

2007

CCP

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Table lists the various reported GC methods to quantify alkyl nitrites in different matrices. − Oxley et al, Schiavone et al, and other researchers have performed a thorough qualitative analysis of alkyl nitrites and their structural isomers using detailed mass fragmentation patterns in headspace (HS) gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). − However, the fragmentation pattern of alkyl nitrites overlaps with that of the corresponding degradant alcohols, resulting in complex and nonquantitative data. In some studies, alkyl nitrites have been quantified as alcohols using GC since alkyl nitrites are easily converted to their corresponding alcohols. , Ikeda et al reported extractive alkylation using pentafluorobenzyl bromide (PFBBr) for alkylation and subsequent GC–MS quantification of nitrite and nitrate inorganic anions .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…also reported a quantitative method for isobutyl and amyl nitrite using the GC-flame ionization detection (FID) technique; however, degradation to alcohol was observed during the analysis . A few reports have discussed the analytical determination of alcohols as alkyl nitrites using gas chromatography equipped with various detectors such as FID, MS and electron capture detector (ECD). − Sun et al have reported a matrix deactivation methodology for the trace-level determination of a few chemically unstable and reactive genotoxic impurities (GTIs) by using acids or scavengers to deactivate the matrix before GC–MS and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) analysis. However, this approach requires a specific selection of matrix-deactivating agents depending on the analyte structure and its molecular properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Level Quantification of tert-Butyl Nitrite in a Pharmaceutical Intermediate

Patel

Chokkalingam

Das

et al. 2021

Org. Process Res. Dev.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A sensitive, reliable, and reproducible headspace gas chromatography-flame ionization detection method was developed and validated to detect and quantify low levels of tert-butyl nitrite (TBN). TBN is a reagent commonly used by synthetic chemists for nitrogen insertion reactions and is also a potential mutagenic impurity due to a structurally alerting nitrite group. However, there is an inherent analytical challenge in the quantification of TBN due to its chemical instability in solution (e.g., degradation of TBN to tert-butyl alcohol, TBA, in protic solvents). The proposed methodology is based on stabilizing TBN in solution by adding imidazole to a sample diluent before static headspace gas chromatographic analysis. The gas chromatography method utilizes a high-polarity poly(ethylene glycol) stationary phase that provides the resolution of TBN from an interference peak in the sample matrix and facilitates the attainment of the required sensitivity of the TBN peak. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) of this method were established as 0.05 μg mL −1 (0.05 ppm) and 0.15 μg mL −1 (0.15 ppm), respectively. Method validation experiments indicated excellent analytical performance of the method with respect to specificity (resolution of ∼2.2 from a matrix interference peak), linearity (range: 16.7−1000% of the working concentration), precision (relative standard deviation, RSD, of 1.0% for n = 6 at LOQ level), and recovery (94% at LOQ level). This is the first report of a practical strategy to stabilize TBN for its trace-level quantification.

show abstract

“…Techniques include photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) (Repond and Sigrist, 1996 ;Prasad and Thakur, 2003), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) (Yokelson et al, 1997(Yokelson et al, , 2003, pre-concentration followed by gas or liquid chromatography (Snider and Dawson, 1985;Goldan et al, 1995a, b;Riemer et al, 1998;Lamanna and Goldstein, 1999;Nguyen et al, 2000;Schade and Goldstein, 2001;Kesselmeier et al, 2002;Millet et al, 2004;Singh et al, 1995Singh et al, , 2000Singh et al, , 2004, and chemical ionisation mass spectrometry (CIMS) (Lindinger et al, 1998;Holzinger et al, 2001;de Gouw et al, 2000de Gouw et al, , 2003Karl et al, 2001Karl et al, , 2003. In spite of this impressive array of tools, the experimental measurement of methanol at typical tropospheric abundances can still be quite challenging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric methanol measurement using selective catalytic methanol to formaldehyde conversion

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract.A novel atmospheric methanol measurement technique, employing selective gas-phase catalytic conversion of methanol to formaldehyde followed by detection of the formaldehyde product, has been developed and tested. The effects of temperature, gas flow rate, gas composition, reactor-bed length, and reactor-bed composition on the methanol conversion efficiency of a molybdenum-rich, ironmolybdate catalyst [Mo-Fe-O] were studied. Best results were achieved using a 1:4 mixture (w/w) of the catalyst in quartz sand. Optimal methanol to formaldehyde conversion (>95% efficiency) occurred at a catalyst housing temperature of 345 • C and an estimated sample-air/catalyst contact time of <0.2 seconds. Potential interferences arising from conversion of methane and a number of common volatile organic compounds (VOC) to formaldehyde were found to be negligible under most atmospheric conditions and catalyst housing temperatures. Using the new technique, atmospheric measurements of methanol were made at the University of Bremen campus from 1 to 15 July 2004. Methanol mixing ratios ranged from 1 to 5 ppb with distinct maxima at night. Formaldehyde mixing ratios, obtained in conjunction with methanol by periodically bypassing the catalytic converter, ranged from 0.2 to 1.6 ppb with maxima during midday. These results suggest that selective, catalytic methanol to formaldehyde conversion, coupled with existing formaldehyde measurement instrumentation, is an inexpensive and effective means for monitoring atmospheric methanol.

show abstract

Flow Analysis Method for Determining the Concentration of Methanol and Ethanol in the Gas Phase Using the Nitrite Formation Reaction

Cited by 7 publications

References 24 publications

Ethanol Metabolism and Effects: Nitric Oxide and its Interaction

Ethanol Metabolism and Effects: Nitric Oxide and its Interaction

Low-Level Quantification of tert-Butyl Nitrite in a Pharmaceutical Intermediate

Atmospheric methanol measurement using selective catalytic methanol to formaldehyde conversion

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About