Flow characteristics and rheological properties of natural gas hydrate slurry in the presence of anti-agglomerant in a flow loop apparatus

Yan, Ke‐Le; Sun, Chang‐Yu; Chen, Jun; Chen, Li-Tao; Shen, De-Ji; Liu, Bei; Jia, Menglei; Niu, Meng; Lv, Yi-Ning; Li, Nan; Song, Zhiyu; Niu, Shu-Shan; Chen, Guangjin

doi:10.1016/j.ces.2013.11.015

Cited by 130 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Camargo et al [9] reported shear thinning and thixotropic properties of hydrate slurries formed in the asphaltic crude oil in a rheological cell. Peng et al [10] and Yan et al [11] also observed shear thinning behavior of a hydrate slurry formed in the condensate or diesel oil in a flow loop. Moradpour et al [12] measured viscosities of hydrate slurry formed in systems with over 50% water cuts in a variable volume cell, and proposed a revised viscosity model by correlating viscosity with hydrate volume fraction.…”

Section: Viscosities Of Water-in-oil Emulsions With Different Aasmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Four anti-agglomerants (Esters polymer, Benzimidazole, tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB) and FJ-1) were combined with sorbitan monolaurate (Span 20) to enhance performance in this work. FJ-1 was developed in our research group [30] and its performance was evaluated using high-pressure cells and a flow loop [11,31]. Esters polymer was provided by HenanTitaning Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Zhengzhou, China) and its structure was shown in Figure 10.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The viscosity probe was located in the middle of the high-pressure reactor to ensure that reliable trends of viscosity are obtained by representative sample deflected into the probe. The ability of adopted anti-agglomerants to disperse particles evenly was confirmed through sapphire-cell experiments [11] and observations by particle video microscope (PVM) and focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM) probes with small flow shear rate [21]. The experiments were maintained at stirring condition during the whole process and, thus, the fluid should be fully dispersed owing to the addition of anti-agglomerant as emulsifier [3,31] in the water/oil systems and continuous shear.…”

Section: Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Combined Sorbitan Monolaurate Anti-Agglomerants on Viscosity of Water-in-Oil Emulsion and Natural Gas Hydrate Slurry

Guan

Guo

et al. 2017

Energies

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Hydrate plugging is the major challenge in the flow assurance of deep-sea pipelines. For water-in-oil emulsions, this risk could be significantly reduced with the addition of anti-agglomerants (AAs). Hydrates often form from water-in-oil emulsions and the measurement of emulsion and slurry viscosity constitutes the basis for the application of hydrate slurry flow technology. In this work, using a novel high-pressure viscometer, emulsion and slurry viscosity with different AAs for water content ranging from 5% to 30% was obtained. The viscosity-temperature curves of emulsions were determined and correlated. The variation of system viscosity during hydrate formation from water-in-oil emulsions was examined, the sensitivity of stable slurry viscosity to water cut and the effects of temperature on annealed slurry viscosity were investigated. The results indicated that the variation of viscosity during hydrate formation relies on the conversion ratio. It also implied that the sensitivity of slurry viscosity to change in its water cut or temperature was reduced with AA addition.

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Section: Viscosities Of Water-in-oil Emulsions With Different Aasmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Combined Sorbitan Monolaurate Anti-Agglomerants on Viscosity of Water-in-Oil Emulsion and Natural Gas Hydrate Slurry

Guan

Guo

et al. 2017

Energies

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“…In the past, research on pipeline transportation technology has been performed mostly based on analogy, experience-based formulas, and laboratory experiments to determine the optimal slurry backfill parameters [14,15]. However, such methods cannot be used to investigate the effects of foam factors (bubble volume fraction, bubble diameter, and so on) on the motion characteristics, pipe pressure loss, and changes in velocity of slurry backfill.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CFD Simulation of Pipeline Transport Properties of Mine Tailings Three-Phase Foam Slurry Backfill

et al. 2017

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A three-dimensional backfill pipeline transport model is developed using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique, which is applied to study the pipeline transport properties of three-phase foam slurry backfill (TFSB). Based on rheological property tests and CFD simulations, the foam phase, pressure, and velocity in the pipeline system are investigated using the CFD mixture method for different bubble volume fractions and bubble diameters. The simulation results indicate that TFSB can maintain a steady state during pipeline transport, experience a markedly reduced pipeline transport resistance, and exhibit better liquidity than conventional cement slurry. Furthermore, as the bubble volume fraction increases, the resistance of the pipeline decreases and the fluidity improves. By contrast, the bubble diameter has little effect on the transport properties of TFSB. The combined results of CFD simulations, slump tests, and strength tests indicate that, when the bubble volume fraction is 15-20 vol %, TFSB can satisfy the necessary strength requirements and exhibit self-flowing transport. The CFD technique provides an intuitive and accurate basis for pipeline transport research and has the potential for wider application in studies of mine backfill.

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“…Rheological characterization of hydrate slurries is critical to developing pipeline operating guidelines and developing rheological models (Eric et al 2013). The rheological characterization of complex fluids has been studied using flowloops (Bbosa 2015;Sinquin et al 2004;Haghighi et al 2007;Hald and Nuland 2007;Gudmundsson 1999, 2000;Lv et al 2012;Chen et al 2014) and a high-pressure mixer-viscometer (Bbosa et al 2017;Camargo et al 2000;Eric et al 2013Eric et al , 2012Ahmad et al 2017;Patrick et al 2008). Some of the measurements on these systems assume that the resulting slurries obey the Newtonian rheological model (Haghighi et al 2007; Andersson and Gudmundsson 2000;Camargo et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation of hydrate formation, plugging and flow properties using a high-pressure viscometer with helical impeller

Bbosa

Ozbayoglu

Volk

2018

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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Slurry transport has become a subject of interest in several industries, including oil and gas. The importance of slurry/solid transport in the oil and gas industry is evident in areas of cuttings transport, sand transport and, lately, hydrates. Hydrate formation, if not properly monitored and controlled, may lead to pipeline blockage. To avoid pipeline blockage and other hydrate formation risks, chemical additives are added to the system. Additives such as anti-agglomerants help improve hydrate transportability by dispersing the formed hydrates into slurries and preventing them from sticking to the pipe wall. This enables transportation of highly concentrated slurries. However, the high hydrate volume fractions (HVF) slurries may exhibit complex rheology. There is therefore a great need to correlate flow properties such as friction factor and viscosity to HVF. Hydrate slurry transport is important whether hydrates are deliberately generated for energy storage purposes or hydrates formed because of the prevailing flow conditions. However, when determining the viscosity of a fluid containing solid particles, the conventional viscometer types such as concentric cylinders and cone and plate are often not suitable. This is because either the narrow gap would not accommodate the particle size or their inability to maintain the particles suspended leading to bed formation. In this work, a high-pressure mixer-type viscometer was used to generate and characterize hydrate slurries. This work aims to generate a significant amount of hydrate slurry characterization data that may be used as basis for better rheometer designs, hydrate slurry flow properties modeling or integration of hydrate transportability into general multiphase modeling. Results showed that intermediate watercuts posed the greatest pipeline plugging risk for all the oils tested. The amount of transportable hydrates increased with oil viscosity. Generally, hydrate slurries generated exhibited shear thinning behavior that increased with increasing hydrate volume fraction. However, the overall rheology of these slurries is a complex function of the oil used, watercut, gas added to the system and hydrate solid fraction. Lowering shear rates for high HVF systems resulted in separation. Results in this work further suggest that hydrate transportation may be possible with minimum risk if anti-agglomerants are used and high enough shear is applied. On the other hand, if no anti-agglomerant is used, severe aggregation may result in flow line plugging.

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Flow characteristics and rheological properties of natural gas hydrate slurry in the presence of anti-agglomerant in a flow loop apparatus

Cited by 130 publications

References 32 publications

Effects of Combined Sorbitan Monolaurate Anti-Agglomerants on Viscosity of Water-in-Oil Emulsion and Natural Gas Hydrate Slurry

Effects of Combined Sorbitan Monolaurate Anti-Agglomerants on Viscosity of Water-in-Oil Emulsion and Natural Gas Hydrate Slurry

CFD Simulation of Pipeline Transport Properties of Mine Tailings Three-Phase Foam Slurry Backfill

Experimental investigation of hydrate formation, plugging and flow properties using a high-pressure viscometer with helical impeller

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