Flow compensated quantitative susceptibility mapping for venous oxygenation imaging

Xu, Bo; Lan, Tian; Spincemaille, Pascal; Prince, Martin R.; Wang, Yi

doi:10.1002/mrm.24937

Cited by 112 publications

(171 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Our quantified susceptibility values shown in Table 6a in general agree with values (0.37–0.54 ppm) from other recent work [10,13,11]. However, our susceptibility values of 5 veins in different regions of each volunteer’s brain are close to each other.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The main disadavntage of their method is the long scan time. The susceptibilities of veins have also been quantified using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) techniques [8–11,13]. However, the accuracy of quantified susceptibility of a cylindrical object decreases when the size of the object decreases [8,15], mainly due to partial-voluming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Susceptibility and size quantification of small human veins from an MRI method

Hsieh

Cheng

Xie

et al. 2015

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Recently a method called CISSCO (Complex Image Summation around a Spherical or a Cylindrical Object) was introduced for accurately quantifying the susceptibility and the radius of any narrow cylindrical object at any orientation using a typical two-echo gradient echo sequence. This work further optimizes the method for quantifying oxygen saturation in small cerebral veins in the human brain. The revised method is first validated through numerical simulations and then applied to data from phantom and human brain. The effect of phase high pass filtering on the quantified parameters is studied and procedures for mitigating its adverse effects are suggested. Uncertainty of each measurement is estimated from the error propagation method. It is shown that the revised method allows for accurate quantification of both the vessel size and its oxygen saturation even in the case of a low SNR (signal to noise ratio) in the vein. The results are self consistent across different veins within a given subject with a variation of less than 6%. Finally, imaging parameters and some procedures are suggested for accurate susceptibility and radius quantifications of small human veins.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility and size quantification of small human veins from an MRI method

Hsieh

Cheng

Xie

et al. 2015

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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“…As recently described by Xu et al (2014), a flow-dependent error in Y v -SBO values could potentially arise due to phase accumulation as venous blood travels through an inhomogeneous B 0 field. This flow-dependent phase accumulation will increase quadratically with echo time and linearly with the dot product between the flow velocity and the background field gradient.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…However, this effect alone cannot explain the observed bias between Y v - T 2 and Y v -SBO values, as it would predict the bias to increase in magnitude with increasing flow velocity, whereas the observed bias reverses direction between the low flow (baseline) and high flow (hypercapnia) states. Detailed investigation of this potential source of error will be explored in future work by applying a quadratic phase model – the “adaptive-quadratic fit” as described by Xu et al (2014) – to an SBO sequence with several rephased echoes and longer echo times.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid T2- and susceptometry-based CMRO2 quantification with interleaved TRUST (iTRUST)

et al. 2015

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Susceptometry-based oximetry (SBO) and T2-relaxation-under-spin-tagging (TRUST) are two promising methods for quantifying the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2), a critical parameter of brain function. We present a combined method, interleaved TRUST (iTRUST), which achieves rapid, simultaneous quantification of both susceptometry- and T2-based CMRO2 via insertion of a flow-encoded, dual-echo gradient-recalled echo (OxFlow) module within the T1 recovery portion of the TRUST sequence. In addition to allowing direct comparison between SBO- and TRUST-derived venous oxygen saturation (Yv) values, iTRUST substantially improves TRUST temporal resolution for CMRO2 quantification and obviates the need for a separate blood flow measurement following TRUST acquisition. iTRUST was compared directly to TRUST and OxFlow alone in three resting subjects at baseline, exhibiting close agreement with the separate techniques and comparable precision. These baseline data as well as simulation results support the use of two instead of the traditional four T2 preparation times for T2 fitting, allowing simultaneous quantification of susceptometry- and T2-based Yv (and CMRO2) with three- and six-second temporal resolution, respectively. In 10 young healthy subjects, iTRUST was applied during a 5% CO2 gas mixture-breathing paradigm. T2-based Yv values were lower at baseline relative to susceptometry (62.3 ± 3.1 vs. 66.7 ± 5.1 %HbO2, P < 0.05), but increased more in response to hypercapnia. As a result, T2-based CMRO2 decreased from 140.4 ± 9.7 to 120.0 ± 9.5 μMol/100 g/min, a significant − 14.6 ± 3.6% response (P < 0.0001), whereas susceptometry-based CMRO2 changed insignificantly from 123.4 ± 18.7 to 127.9 ± 25.7, a 3.3 ± 9.7% response (P = 0.31). These differing results are in accord with previous studies applying the parent OxFlow or TRUST sequences individually, thus supporting the reliability of iTRUST but also strongly suggesting that a systematic bias exists between the susceptometry- and T2-based Yv quantification techniques.

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“…Unlike R 2 and R Ã 2 , the relationship between [dH] and tissue susceptibility is linear in its concentration and independent of imaging parameters (11)(12)(13). Hence, QSM can be used to quantify oxygenation in large veins (14)(15)(16)(17)(18) and in tissue (19,20). The [dH] in tissue can be determined from QSM by compensating for contribution from non-heme iron, such as those stored in ferritin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative susceptibility mapping‐based cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen mapping with minimum local variance

Zhang

Cho

Zhou

et al. 2017

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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Purpose: The objective of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of a cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO 2 ) mapping method based on its minimum local variance (MLV) without vascular challenge using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and cerebral blood flow (CBF). Methods: Three-dimensional multi-echo gradient echo imaging and arterial spin labeling were performed in 11 healthy subjects to calculate QSM and CBF. Minimum local variance was used to compute whole-brain CMRO 2 map from QSM and CBF. The MLV method was compared with a reference method using the caffeine challenge. Their agreement within the cortical gray matter (CGM) was assessed on CMRO 2 and oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) maps at both baseline and challenge states. Results: Mean CMRO 2 (in mmol/100 g/min) obtained in CGM using the caffeine challenge and MLV were 142 6 16.5 and 139 6 14.8 mmol/100 g/min, respectively; the corresponding baseline OEF were 33.0 6 4.0% and 31.8 6 3.2%, respectively. The MLV and caffeine challenge methods showed no statistically significant differences across subjects with small ( < 4%) biases in CMRO 2 and OEF values. Conclusions: Minimum local variance-based CMRO 2 mapping without vascular challenge using QSM and arterial spin labeling is feasible in healthy subjects. Magn Reson Med 79:172-179,

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Flow compensated quantitative susceptibility mapping for venous oxygenation imaging

Cited by 112 publications

References 37 publications

Susceptibility and size quantification of small human veins from an MRI method

Susceptibility and size quantification of small human veins from an MRI method

Rapid T2- and susceptometry-based CMRO2 quantification with interleaved TRUST (iTRUST)

Quantitative susceptibility mapping‐based cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen mapping with minimum local variance

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