Flow cytometric analysis of lymphocytes from rats following chronic ethanol treatment

Helm, Ricki M.; Wheeler, Gary; Burks, A. Wesley; Hakkak, Reza; Badger, Thomas M.

doi:10.1016/0741-8329(96)00036-5

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Several reports have shown that ethanol intake changes the total number of lymphocytes and their subsets [1] . Long-term ethanol administration has shown a relative decrease in the number of B lymphocytes in both mice [2] and rats [3] and a rise in the relative number of T lymphocytes with no change in the ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ cells. A drop in the absolute number of CD4+ cells in rats has also been noted [3,4] .…”

Section: Effect Of Chronic Ethanol Feeding On 24-hour Rhythms Of Mitomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Long-term ethanol administration has shown a relative decrease in the number of B lymphocytes in both mice [2] and rats [3] and a rise in the relative number of T lymphocytes with no change in the ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ cells. A drop in the absolute number of CD4+ cells in rats has also been noted [3,4] . However, as most of the results in experimental animals have been obtained at single time points in a 24-hour span, an important drawback in view of the circadian nature of the immune response emerged.…”

Section: Effect Of Chronic Ethanol Feeding On 24-hour Rhythms Of Mitomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cultures were incubated in a humidifi ed 37 ° C incubator in an atmosphere of 5% CO 2 . After 48 h incubation, 3 H-thymidine (0.2 Ci) was added to each well in a volume of 0.02 ml. Cells were harvested 5 h later using an automated sample harvester, and the fi lters were counted in a liquid scintillation spectrometer.…”

Section: Mitogen Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Chronic Ethanol Feeding on 24-Hour Rhythms of Mitogenic Responses and Lymphocyte Subset Populations in Thymus and Spleen of Peripubertal Male Rats

Jiménez

Cardinali²,

Álvarez³

et al. 2005

Neuroimmunomodulation

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This work analyzes the effect of chronic ethanol feeding on the 24-hour variation of mitogenic responses and lymphocyte subset populations in thymus and spleen. Animals were maintained under a 12:12-hour light/dark photoperiod and they received a liquid diet for 4 weeks, starting on day 35 of life. The ethanol-fed group received a similar diet to controls except that maltose was isocalorically replaced by ethanol. Ethanol replacement provided 36% of the total caloric content of the diet. Rats were killed at 6 time intervals around the clock, beginning at Zeitgeber time (ZT) 1 (ZT 0 = lights on). Under ethanol intake the splenic and thymic weight decreased. In addition, mean values of the thymic, but not of the splenic T cell number decreased, and mean values of the thymic and splenic CD8+ and CD4+CD8+ number increased. Consequently, the thymic T/B ratio and the thymic and splenic CD4+/CD8+ ratio decreased in ethanol-fed rats. At the same time there was a significant increase in the response of the thymic cells to LPS. The ethanol diet modified the 24-hour rhythmicity of thymic and splenic T, B and CD4+CD8+ cells, thymic CD4+ and splenic CD8+ cells, thymic and splenic T/B and CD4+/CD8+ ratios, as well as of mitogenic responses in both tissues. Chronic ethanol administration presumably affects the endogenous clock that modulates the circadian variation of immune responsiveness in growing rats.

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Section: Effect Of Chronic Ethanol Feeding On 24-hour Rhythms Of Mitomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Chronic Ethanol Feeding On 24-hour Rhythms Of Mitomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Chronic Ethanol Feeding on 24-Hour Rhythms of Mitogenic Responses and Lymphocyte Subset Populations in Thymus and Spleen of Peripubertal Male Rats

Jiménez

Cardinali²,

Álvarez³

et al. 2005

Neuroimmunomodulation

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“…Chronic alcohol administration in experimental animal systems leads to a decrease in the absolute numbers of CD4 + T lymphocytes from the periphery and the spleen as well as a reduction in their immune function (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethanol inhibits methionine adenosyltransferase II activity and S-adenosylmethionine biosynthesis and enhances caspase-3-dependent cell death in T lymphocytes: relevance to alcohol-induced immunosuppression

Hote¹,

Sahoo²,

Jani³

et al. 2008

The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry

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An important aspect in alcohol abuse associated immune suppression is the loss of T helper CD4 + lymphocytes leading to an impairment of multiple immune functions. Our work has shown that ethanol can sensitize CD4 + T lymphocytes to activation-induced, caspase-3 dependent cell death (AICD). It has been demonstrated that formation of S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) catalyzed by methionine adenosyltransferase II (MAT II) is essential for CD4 + T cell activation and proliferation. Since ethanol is known to affect SAMe metabolism in hepatocytes, we investigated the effect of ethanol on MAT II activity/expression, SAMe biosynthesis and cell survival in CD4 + T lymphocytes. We demonstrate for the first time that ethanol at a physiologically relevant concentration (25mM) substantially decreased the enzymatic activity of MAT II in T lymphocytes. Ethanol was observed to decrease the transcription of MAT2A, which encodes the catalytic subunit of MAT II and is vital for MAT II activity and SAMe biosynthesis. Further, correspondent to its effect on MAT II, ethanol decreased intracellular SAMe levels and enhanced caspase-3 dependent AICD. Importantly, restoration of intracellular SAMe levels by exogenous SAMe supplementation considerably decreased both caspase-3 activity and apoptotic death in T lymphocytes. In conclusion, our data shows that MAT II and SAMe are critical molecular components essential for CD4 + T cell survival which are affected by ethanol leading to enhanced Address correspondence to: Shirish Barve PhD, Professor, Department of Medicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Medical Center, 511 S. Floyd, MDR Bldg., Rm#526, Louisville, KY 40202. Tel. 502 852 -5245; Fax. 502 562 -4271; shirish.barve@louisville.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. AICD. Furthermore, these studies provide a clinical paradigm for the development of the much needed therapy using SAMe supplementation in the treatment of immune dysfunction induced by alcohol abuse. HHS Public Access

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“…Perhaps, longer exposures to this amount of alcohol may differentiate the effects of distilled versus fermented alcohol beverages. Moderate alcohol intake did not seem to be pathological, compared to its chronic abuse, which reduced all lymphocyte subsets when analyzed in any of the lymphatic organs [30][31][32] or blood [33] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Moderate Consumption of Distilled and Fermented Alcohol on Some Aspects of Neuroimmunomodulation

Díaz¹,

Cano

Jiménez-Ortega

et al. 2007

Neuroimmunomodulation

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Alcoholic beverages are characterized by their fermented versus distilled origin and also by their degree of alcohol. The toxic effects of chronic alcohol consumption have been widely studied. However, there is less evidence about possible beneficial effects of moderate alcohol intake. This work was aimed at evaluating the effects of moderate alcohol consumption (beer or ethanol) on plasma hormone concentrations, blood and thymus lymphocyte phenotypes and brain neurotransmitter levels. For this purpose, 40 adult Wistar male rats were administered ethanol or beer for 4 weeks (experimental groups). Age-matched rats were administered beer without alcohol or water to be used as controls. Rats were killed by decapitation and plasma from the trunk blood was collected to measure plasma prolactin, growth hormone and ACTH concentrations by homologous specific double antibody radioimmunoassays. Thymus and blood lymphocyte subsets were measured by flow cytometry. Neurotransmitter concentrations [dopamine, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and taurine] were measured by high pressure liquid chromatography in the median eminence and the pituitary. Blood and thymus lymphocyte subsets were not significantly changed by either ethanol or beer consumption, compared to controls. Plasma prolactin levels significantly decreased in ethanol-administered groups (p < 0.05) compared to control animals drinking water, although plasma levels of growth hormone and ACTH were not modified by either alcohol used. Dopamine and GABA concentrations in the median eminence or in the adenohypophysis remained unmodified by moderate beer or ethanol consumption. However, taurine concentration was significantly increased in the pituitary (p < 0.05) in the group drinking ethanol compared to those groups drinking beer with or without alcohol. These data suggest that moderate alcohol consumption may change the regulatory mechanism of prolactin secretion. Whether these modifications have a physiological significance deserves further research.

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Flow cytometric analysis of lymphocytes from rats following chronic ethanol treatment

Cited by 22 publications

References 21 publications

Effect of Chronic Ethanol Feeding on 24-Hour Rhythms of Mitogenic Responses and Lymphocyte Subset Populations in Thymus and Spleen of Peripubertal Male Rats

Effect of Chronic Ethanol Feeding on 24-Hour Rhythms of Mitogenic Responses and Lymphocyte Subset Populations in Thymus and Spleen of Peripubertal Male Rats

Ethanol inhibits methionine adenosyltransferase II activity and S-adenosylmethionine biosynthesis and enhances caspase-3-dependent cell death in T lymphocytes: relevance to alcohol-induced immunosuppression

Effects of Moderate Consumption of Distilled and Fermented Alcohol on Some Aspects of Neuroimmunomodulation

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