Flow cytometric comparison of haemocytes from three species of bivalve molluscs

Allam, Bassem; Ashton-Alcox, Kathryn A.; Ford, Susan E.

doi:10.1006/fsim.2001.0389

Cited by 86 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Infections by Perkinsus species take place through trophozoites that are released by infected oysters into the environment that become in contact with or are ingested through filter-feeding by healthy neighboring oysters (19). The trophozoites are phagocytosed by hemocytes located in the mantle, palps, gills, or gut epithelium (41) and reside in a phagosome-like structure, where they proliferate by multiple fission and budding. Infected hemocytes eventually lyse and the released trophozoites are phagocytosed by other hemocytes, which migrate throughout the tissues and disseminate the parasite.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Galectin of Unique Domain Organization from Hemocytes of the Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) Is a Receptor for the Protistan Parasite Perkinsus marinus

Tasumi

Vasta

2007

The Journal of Immunology

212

247

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Invertebrates display effective innate immune responses for defense against microbial infection. However, the protozoan parasite Perkinsus marinus causes Dermo disease in the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica and is responsible for catastrophic damage to shellfisheries and the estuarine environment in North America. The infection mechanisms remain unclear, but it is likely that, while filter feeding, the healthy oysters ingest P. marinus trophozoites released to the water column by the infected neighboring individuals. Inside oyster hemocytes, trophozoites resist oxidative killing, proliferate, and spread throughout the host. However, the mechanism(s) for parasite entry into the hemocyte are unknown. In this study, we show that oyster hemocytes recognize P. marinus via a novel galectin (C. virginica galectin (CvGal)) of unique structure. The biological roles of galectins have only been partly elucidated, mostly encompassing embryogenesis and indirect roles in innate and adaptive immunity mediated by the binding to endogenous ligands. CvGal recognized a variety of potential microbial pathogens and unicellular algae, and preferentially, Perkinsus spp. trophozoites. Attachment and spreading of hemocytes to foreign surfaces induced localization of CvGal to the cell periphery, its secretion and binding to the plasma membrane. Exposure of hemocytes to Perkinsus spp. trophozoites enhanced this process further, and their phagocytosis could be partially inhibited by pretreatment of the hemocytes with anti-CvGal Abs. The evidence presented indicates that CvGal facilitates recognition of selected microbes and algae, thereby promoting phagocytosis of both potential infectious challenges and phytoplankton components, and that P. marinus subverts the host’s immune/feeding recognition mechanism to passively gain entry into the hemocytes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Galectin of Unique Domain Organization from Hemocytes of the Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) Is a Receptor for the Protistan Parasite Perkinsus marinus

Tasumi

Vasta

2007

The Journal of Immunology

212

247

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“…In mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis, 3 subpopulations (hyalinocytes and small and large granulocytes) (Parisi et al 2008) and 4 subpopulations (large granu- locytes, large semigranulocytes, smaller granulocytes and small agranulocytes or hyalinocytes) (García-García et al 2008) have been considered. Oysters Crassostrea virginica and C. gigas were shown to possess 3 haemocyte subpopulations, although they were regarded slightly differently by different researchers (Ashton-Alcox & Ford 1998, Allam et al 2002, Goedken & De Guise 2004. In the Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea glomerata, up to 4 subpopulations were distinguished, although hyalinocytes and granulocytes were the 2 most abundant phenotypes (Aladaileh et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The application of light-scatter profiling has been used to differentiate bivalve haemocyte subpopulations (Ashton-Alcox & Ford 1998, Allam et al 2002, García-García et al 2008 and to monitor changes in several immune indicators after bacterial challenges (Allam et al 2001, Labreuche et al 2006). In addition, haemocyte characterisation using fluorescent dyes with affinity to cellular organelles and monoclonal antibodies for specific cellular types conjugated with fluorescent dyes has been used in combination with light-scatter profiles (Renault et al 2001, Tu et al 2007.…”

Section: Abstract: Mya Arenaria · Vibrio Splendidus · Haemocyte Subpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes induced by two strains of Vibrio splendidus in haemocyte subpopulations of Mya arenaria, detected by flow cytometry with LysoTracker

Mateo¹,

Spurmanis²,

Siah³

et al. 2009

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Similarly to Allam et al (2002a), two distinct sub-populations could be identified on a FSC vs SSC density plot: granulocytes (high SSC and high FSC), hyalinocytes (low SSC and high FSC). Results of THC, granulocyte and hyalinocyte counts are expressed as number of cells per mL of hemolymph.…”

Section: Hemocyte Viability Total and Differential Hemocyte Counts (mentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of the hemocyte parameters of Ruditapes philippinarum in the field during an annual cycle

Flye-Sainte-Marie

Soudant

Lambert

et al. 2009

Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology

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A field monitoring of hemocyte parameters of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum was conducted from July 2004 to September 2005 in Gulf of Morbihan (France), in order to assess (1) the factors controlling the hemocyte parameters of the Manila clam and (2) their relative contribution to the overall variability of these parameters. Monthly, sixty clams were sampled and Total Hemocyte Count (THC), granulocyte and hyalinocyte counts, phagocytosis, phenoloxidase specific activity, length, flesh dry weight, and condition index were measured individually. Perkinsus sp. infection and Brown Ring Disease symptoms were also monitored.Temperature and trophic resource were also monitored.Results indicate that temperature controls granulocyte counts and subsequently THC. Other environmental factors had no direct influence on the measured hemocyte parameters. Almost all measured parameters were significantly affected by size/age and condition index. There were poor relationships between both pathologies and hemocyte parameters presumably because of low infection intensities. Nevertheless, high Perkinsus sp. infection intensity significantly increased total and granulocyte counts and decreased phagocytosis.An interesting result of this study is that the measured biotic and abiotic factors poorly contribute to the explanation of the total variability of hemocyte parameters. Granulocyte concentration was the best explained parameter. However, only 16.4% of its variance was explained by cumulating temperature, length, condition index and Perkinsus sp. infection effects. This study emphasizes the need for a better understanding of hemocyte functions and the factors modulating these functions.

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Flow cytometric comparison of haemocytes from three species of bivalve molluscs

Cited by 86 publications

References 31 publications

A Galectin of Unique Domain Organization from Hemocytes of the Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) Is a Receptor for the Protistan Parasite Perkinsus marinus

A Galectin of Unique Domain Organization from Hemocytes of the Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) Is a Receptor for the Protistan Parasite Perkinsus marinus

Changes induced by two strains of Vibrio splendidus in haemocyte subpopulations of Mya arenaria, detected by flow cytometry with LysoTracker

Variability of the hemocyte parameters of Ruditapes philippinarum in the field during an annual cycle

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