Changes induced by two strains of Vibrio splendidus in haemocyte subpopulations of Mya arenaria, detected by flow cytometry with LysoTracker

Mateo, Dante R.; Spurmanis, Aleks; Siah, Ahmed; Araya, Mebrahtu T.; Kulka, Mariana; Berthe, Franck; Johnson, Gerald R.; Greenwood, Spencer J.

doi:10.3354/dao02121

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Meanwhile, the basophilic granulocytes of M. edulis and M. galloprovincialis were shown to have lower phagocytic activity and fewer lysosomal enzymes than the eosinophilic granular hemocytes [14,18,23,38]. The lysosomal content of the granulocytes (corresponding to the EGs in the present study) was reported to be greater than that of the hyalinocytes (the BGs in the present study) in Perna viridis [41], Mya arenaria [42], Haliotis discus discus, and Turbo cornutus [43]. Moreover, the differences in the gravitational densities between the BGs and EGs (Table 2) may reflect differences between these two cell types in the amounts of granules (i.e., lysosomes) they possess.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

Phagocytic activities of hemocytes from the deep-sea symbiotic mussels Bathymodiolus japonicus, B. platifrons, and B. septemdierum

Tame

Yoshida

Ohishi

et al. 2015

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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Deep-sea mytilid mussels harbor symbiotic bacteria in their gill epithelial cells that are horizontally or environmentally transmitted to the next generation of hosts. To understand the immune defense system in deep-sea symbiotic mussels, we examined the hemocyte populations of the symbiotic Bathymodiolus mussel species Bathymodiolus japonicus, Bathymodiolus platifrons, and Bathymodiolus septemdierum, and characterized three types of hemocytes: agranulocytes (AGs), basophilic granulocytes (BGs), and eosinophilic granulocytes (EGs). Of these, the EG cells were the largest (diameter, 8.4-10.0 μm) and had eosinophilic cytoplasm with numerous eosinophilic granules (diameter, 0.8-1.2 μm). Meanwhile, the BGs were of medium size (diameter, 6.7-8.0 μm) and contained small basophilic granules (diameter, 0.3-0.4 μm) in basophilic cytoplasm, and the AGs, the smallest of the hemocytes (diameter, 4.8-6.0 μm), had basophilic cytoplasm lacking granules. A lectin binding assay revealed that concanavalin A bound to all three hemocyte types, while wheat germ agglutinin bound exclusively to EGs and BGs. The total hemocyte population densities within the hemolymph of all three Bathymodiolus mussel species were similar (8.4-13.3 × 10(5) cells/mL), and the percentages of circulating AGs, BGs, and EGs in the hemolymph of these organisms were 44.7-48.5%, 14.3-17.6%, and 34.3-41.0%, respectively. To analyze the functional differences between these hemocytes, the phagocytic activity and post-phagocytic phagosome-lysosome fusion events were analyzed in each cell type using a fluorescent Alexa Fluor(®) 488-conjugated Escherichia coli bioparticle and a LysoTracker(®) lysosomal marker, respectively. While the AGs exhibited no phagocytic activity, both types of granulocytes were phagocytic. Of the three hemocyte types, the EGs exhibited the highest level of phagocytic activity as well as rapid phagosome-lysosome fusion, which occurred within 2 h of incubation. Meanwhile, the BGs showed lower phagocytic activity and lower rates of phagosome-lysosome fusion than the EGs. These findings indicate that the two types of granulocyte play distinct roles in the defense system.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

Phagocytic activities of hemocytes from the deep-sea symbiotic mussels Bathymodiolus japonicus, B. platifrons, and B. septemdierum

Tame

Yoshida

Ohishi

et al. 2015

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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“…The results showed that the lysosomal content in granulocytes was higher than in hylinocytes, indicating the important role played by granulocytes in immune reactions in P. viridis. Using the same method, Mateo et al [61] drew a similar conclusion with Mya arenaria. However, measurement of lysosomes using flow cytometry in bivalves has not been extensively used yet [24,25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Characterization of subpopulations and immune-related parameters of hemocytes in the green-lipped mussel Perna viridis

Wang

Chiang

et al. 2012

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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“…Humoral defense factors: The hemocyte degranulation and the extracellular release of lysosomal enzymes represent the first humoral defense mechanism that was investigated in marine bivalve mollusks [155], a strategy commonly described as a response to pathogens [156]. However, marine bivalve mollusks possess more selective extracellular tools to contrast invaders, including recognition and effector proteins, such as lectins, complement-like molecules, lipopolysaccharide- (LBP) and β-1,3-glucan-binding proteins (β-GBP), fibrinogen-related proteins (FREPs) and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) [156,157,158].…”

Section: Defense Mechanisms In Marine Bivalve Mollusksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, marine bivalve mollusks possess more selective extracellular tools to contrast invaders, including recognition and effector proteins, such as lectins, complement-like molecules, lipopolysaccharide- (LBP) and β-1,3-glucan-binding proteins (β-GBP), fibrinogen-related proteins (FREPs) and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) [156,157,158]. Lectins represent carbohydrate-recognition proteins, and their agglutinating and opsonizing activities have been previously described in marine bivalve mollusks, revealing heterogeneous binding specificity towards microbial surface sugars [159,160].…”

Section: Defense Mechanisms In Marine Bivalve Mollusksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Diseases of Bivalve Mollusks: Infections, Immunology and Antimicrobial Defense

et al. 2017

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A variety of bivalve mollusks (phylum Mollusca, class Bivalvia) constitute a prominent commodity in fisheries and aquacultures, but are also crucial in order to preserve our ecosystem’s complexity and function. Bivalve mollusks, such as clams, mussels, oysters and scallops, are relevant bred species, and their global farming maintains a high incremental annual growth rate, representing a considerable proportion of the overall fishery activities. Bivalve mollusks are filter feeders; therefore by filtering a great quantity of water, they may bioaccumulate in their tissues a high number of microorganisms that can be considered infectious for humans and higher vertebrates. Moreover, since some pathogens are also able to infect bivalve mollusks, they are a threat for the entire mollusk farming industry. In consideration of the leading role in aquaculture and the growing financial importance of bivalve farming, much interest has been recently devoted to investigate the pathogenesis of infectious diseases of these mollusks in order to be prepared for public health emergencies and to avoid dreadful income losses. Several bacterial and viral pathogens will be described herein. Despite the minor complexity of the organization of the immune system of bivalves, compared to mammalian immune systems, a precise description of the different mechanisms that induce its activation and functioning is still missing. In the present review, a substantial consideration will be devoted in outlining the immune responses of bivalves and their repertoire of immune cells. Finally, we will focus on the description of antimicrobial peptides that have been identified and characterized in bivalve mollusks. Their structural and antimicrobial features are also of great interest for the biotechnology sector as antimicrobial templates to combat the increasing antibiotic-resistance of different pathogenic bacteria that plague the human population all over the world.

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Changes induced by two strains of Vibrio splendidus in haemocyte subpopulations of Mya arenaria, detected by flow cytometry with LysoTracker

Cited by 20 publications

References 43 publications

Phagocytic activities of hemocytes from the deep-sea symbiotic mussels Bathymodiolus japonicus, B. platifrons, and B. septemdierum

Phagocytic activities of hemocytes from the deep-sea symbiotic mussels Bathymodiolus japonicus, B. platifrons, and B. septemdierum

Characterization of subpopulations and immune-related parameters of hemocytes in the green-lipped mussel Perna viridis

Microbial Diseases of Bivalve Mollusks: Infections, Immunology and Antimicrobial Defense

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