Flow cytometric DNA content analysis of a case of pilomatrix carcinoma showing multiple recurrences and invasion of the cranial vault

Pilomatrix carcinoma

“…Our case showed deep infiltration into subcutaneous fat and basaloid cell proliferation with numerous mitosis, thereby fitting the criteria for malignancy as described by Lopansri [2]. Even flow cytometry of a recent case has failed to show aneuploid peaks nor a high proliferative fraction as evidence of aggressive turnout behaviour [5]. Despite aggressive behav-41 iour, these tumours may be difficult to distinguish from their benign counterparts histologically.…”

“…Tumour size generally does not correlate well with aggressive behaviour [2]. Although wide local invasion, vascular invasion and perineural invasion [5] have been noted, regional or distant metastases are extremely rare [1,4]. They have a predilection to occur in the preauricular area where they can be mistaken for a malignant parotid tumour, especially because of the calcification noted radiologically [2].…”

Pilomatrixkarzinom in ungewöhnlicher Lokalisation

“…Bisherige Versuche einer verbesserten Diagnostik des Pilomatrixkarzinoms durch immunhistochemische Untersuchungen blieben erfolglos. Zellmarker wie Zytokeratine, β2-Mikroglobulin, S-100-Protein, Karzinoembryonales Antigen (CEA), Epitheliales Membranantigen (EMA) und Blutgruppenisoantigene sind nicht hilfreich bei der histologischen Abgrenzung von Pilomatrixkarzinom und seinen Differentialdiagnosen [13,23].…”

“…Histologisch waren zahlreiche Mitosen und Infiltration der Blutgefäße kennzeichnend. Im englischsprachigen Schrifttum sind seitdem 46 Fälle von Pilomatrixkarzinom veröffentlicht worden[1,2,4,5,8,10,11,13,16,17,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. In der kürzlich publizierten, bisher umfangreichsten Studie von Sau et al[26] lag das durchschnittliche Alter bei Exzision bei 45 Jahren, in vorausgegangenen Fallbeschreibungen bei 49 Jahren.…”

Pilary Complex Carcinoma: An Adnexal Carcinoma of the Skin with Differentiation towards the Components of the Pilary Complex

“…Sebaceous adenocarcinomas often originate from the Meibomian glands of the eyelids and occasionally from the sebaceous glands elsewhere(6,7). Malignant neoplasms of the pilary complex have been reported in two varieties: A) Malignant pilomatricoma (pilomatrix carcinoma) which is characterized by massive proliferation of small basaloid hair matrix type cells exhibiting areas of keratinization with the formation of shadow cells, peripheral tissue invasion, and mitotic figures(8)(9)(10). These lesions have a tendency for local lymphatic involvement and distant metastasis (10-12).…”