Flow-Directed Crystallization for Printed Electronics

Qu, Ge; Kwok, Justin J.; Diao, Ying

doi:10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00445

Cited by 92 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the solution technique in producing highly oriented polycrystalline films of (diC 8 BTBT)(F n TCNQ) [ n = 0, 2, 4]. The orientation preference should be primarily attributed to the flow‐directed crystallization through the solution‐shearing technique that may have a strong preference for crystal growth along the donor–acceptor stacking axes.…”

Section: Extracted Electron Mobility In Solution‐coated (Dic8btbt)(fnmentioning

confidence: 72%

Unidirectionally Crystallized Stable n‐Type Organic Thin‐Film Transistors Based on Solution‐Processable Donor–Acceptor Compounds

Shibata

Tsutsumi

Matsuoka

et al. 2017

Adv Elect Materials

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solution processes such as solution shearing, [5] double-shot inkjet printing, [7] edge casting, [8,9] hot-spin coasting, [3] offcenter spin casting, [4] and bar coating [10] allow the formation of large-area singlecrystalline or unidirectionally crystallized polycrystalline thin films by controlling the crystallization kinetics. Molecular materials that show a high-layer crystallinity are best matched with tailored solution techniques as they can take advantage of the self-organized molecular layer formation within the solution, especially at air-solution interfaces. [11][12][13] A wide range of molecular materials has been explored so far to obtain highperformance, solution-processable organic semiconductors for solution-based thin-film processing. Most of these materials are categorized as p-type, whereas the number of stable n-type organic semiconductors is still strictly limited. [18][19][20][21][22][23] This is related to the difficulty in designing single-component organic semiconductors that simultaneously show high-layer crystallinity, stable n-type operation against oxidation, and high solvent solubility. A unique exception is N,N′-1H,1Hperfluorobutyldicyanoperylene-carboxydi-imide (PDIF-CN 2 ), which is reported to have high-performance, stable n-type characteristics. [2,9,23] Recently, a distinct class of n-type organic semiconductors was reported with the use of charge-transfer (CT) compounds composed of organic donor and acceptor molecules. [24][25][26] Especially, a high degree of layer crystallinity can be achieved when 2,7-dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (diC 8 BTBT), a renowned single-component organic semiconductor, [15] is used as the donor component: In CT compounds of (diC 8 BTBT) (fluorinated derivatives of tetracyanoquinodimethane (F n TCNQ)) (n = 0, 2, 4), a 2D semiconducting layer is formed with π-conjugated donor and acceptor skeletons, which are separated by alkyl chain layers derived from the diC 8 BTBT end groups. In the compound, the conduction and valence bands are primarily composed of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of F n TCNQ and the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of diC 8 BTBT, respectively (Figure 1). [27] The unique nature is that the semiconducting ground state is fully stabilized by the intermolecular CT interactions between diC 8 BTBT and F n TCNQ. These features afford OTFTs that exhibit n-type field-effect characteristics with both high air stability and high Thin-film formation by solution-shearing technique is examined for layered-crystalline donor-acceptor charge-transfer compounds composed of 2,7-dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene as a donor and optionally fluorinated derivatives of tetracyanoquinodimethane (n = 0, 2, 4) as acceptors. Polycrystalline thin films of the compounds whose crystalline size is over 2 mm along the blade-scan axis are successfully fabricated, and the formed films demonstrate anisotropic alignment of the crystalline grains where the crystal a-axis with the largest transfer integral is parall...

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Section: Extracted Electron Mobility In Solution‐coated (Dic8btbt)(fnmentioning

confidence: 72%

Unidirectionally Crystallized Stable n‐Type Organic Thin‐Film Transistors Based on Solution‐Processable Donor–Acceptor Compounds

Shibata

Tsutsumi

Matsuoka

et al. 2017

Adv Elect Materials

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show abstract

“…On isotropic substrates, the crystallization of molecular materials typically results in fibre-textured films comprising crystallites that share a common fibre axis perpendicular to the substrate surface but are azimuthally randomly oriented (Witte & Wö ll, 2004). The use of anisotropic substrates (like rubbed polymer surfaces or single-crystalline surfaces) or anisotropic preparation methods (like off-centre spin coating, dip coating or off-axis evaporation) can result in even more distinguished textures of the crystallites (Mü ller et al, 1999;Brinkmann et al, 2003;Qu et al, 2016). In this context, particularly complicated cases include epitaxially grown molecular crystals on singlecrystalline surfaces (Simbrunner et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An efficient method for indexing grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction data of epitaxially grown thin films

et al. 2020

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Crystal structure identification of thin organic films entails a number of technical and methodological challenges. In particular, if molecular crystals are epitaxially grown on single-crystalline substrates a complex scenario of multiple preferred orientations of the adsorbate, several symmetry-related in-plane alignments and the occurrence of unknown polymorphs is frequently observed. In theory, the parameters of the reduced unit cell and its orientation can simply be obtained from the matrix of three linearly independent reciprocal-space vectors. However, if the sample exhibits unit cells in various orientations and/or with different lattice parameters, it is necessary to assign all experimentally obtained reflections to their associated individual origin. In the present work, an effective algorithm is described to accomplish this task in order to determine the unit-cell parameters of complex systems comprising different orientations and polymorphs. This method is applied to a polycrystalline thin film of the conjugated organic material 6,13-pentacenequinone (PQ) epitaxially grown on an Ag(111) surface. All reciprocal vectors can be allocated to unit cells of the same lattice constants but grown in various orientations [sixfold rotational symmetry for the contact planes (102) and (102)]. The as-determined unit cell is identical to that reported in a previous study determined for a fibre-textured PQ film. Preliminary results further indicate that the algorithm is especially effective in analysing epitaxially grown crystallites not only for various orientations, but also if different polymorphs are present in the film.

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“…Solution processible organic semiconductors (OSCs) offer great opportunities for low‐cost and large‐area manufacturing of flexible electronics . Morphology control is crucial to achieving high‐performance devices and to elucidating the complex structure–charge transport property relationship . Morphology is shown to be highly sensitive to processing conditions, such as printing/coating speed, solvent choices, substrate chemistry and topology, and so on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4] Morphology control is crucial to achieving high-performance devices and to elucidating the complex structure-charge transport property relationship. [5][6][7] Morphology is shown to be highly sensitive to processing conditions, 8 such as printing/coating speed, 3,[9][10][11] solvent choices, 12,13 substrate chemistry and topology, 14,15 and so on. It has been widely shown that morphological parameters can modulate charge carrier mobility by orders of magnitude.…”

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confidence: 99%

Quantitative Image Analysis of Fractal‐Like Thin Films of Organic Semiconductors

Zhu

Mohammadi

Diao

2019

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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Morphology modulation offers significant control over organic electronic device performance. However, morphology quantification has been rarely carried out via image analysis. In this work, we designed a MATLAB program to evaluate two key parameters describing morphology of small molecule semiconductor thin films: fractal dimension and film coverage. We then use this program in a case study of meniscus‐guided coating of 2,7‐dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2‐b][1]benzothiophene (C8‐BTBT) under various conditions to analyze a diverse and complex morphology set. The evolution of morphology in terms of fractal dimension and film coverage was studied as a function of coating speed. We discovered that combined fractal dimension and film coverage can quantitatively capture the key characteristics of C8‐BTBT thin film morphology; change of these two parameters further inform morphology transition. Furthermore, fractal dimension could potentially shed light on thin film growth mechanisms. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 1622–1634

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Flow-Directed Crystallization for Printed Electronics

Cited by 92 publications

References 53 publications

Unidirectionally Crystallized Stable n‐Type Organic Thin‐Film Transistors Based on Solution‐Processable Donor–Acceptor Compounds

Unidirectionally Crystallized Stable n‐Type Organic Thin‐Film Transistors Based on Solution‐Processable Donor–Acceptor Compounds

An efficient method for indexing grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction data of epitaxially grown thin films

Quantitative Image Analysis of Fractal‐Like Thin Films of Organic Semiconductors

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