Flow field around bubbles on formation of air embolism in small vessels

Li, Zhongnan; Li, Guiling; Li, Yongjian; Chen, Yuexin; Li, Jiang; Chen, Haosheng

doi:10.1073/pnas.2025406118

Cited by 17 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…[44][45][46][47] Recent works reported microfluidics for in vitro characterization of bubble dynamics which was further verified by in vivo investigations. 48 More generally, the capability of the ever-advancing microfluidic systems to study complex physiochemical and biological phenomena in live tissues was repeatedly and frequently demonstrated. 49-Poly-dimethyl-di-siloxane (PDMS) is a material frequently used for microfluidic device fabrication 54 , including studies related to gas embolism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…49-Poly-dimethyl-di-siloxane (PDMS) is a material frequently used for microfluidic device fabrication 54 , including studies related to gas embolism. 48,55,56 PDMS is an elastomeric polymer with well-established microfabrication protocols 57 and many beneficial properties, like optical transparency, which is essential for microscopy studies, high replication precision by soft lithography, 54 and biological compatibility for cell studies. [53][54][55] Additionally, PDMS presents mechanical and physio-chemical properties, e.g., high oxygen diffusivity, high elasticity, surface wettability, that can be modulated by exposure to U.V.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, a in vitro microfluidics-based investigation provided an explanation of the environment around the gas emboli and the clot formation based on the flow-field hypothesis. 48 This study investigated the formation of Taylor-bubbles (elongated bubbles in channels) using a glycerol-based liquid medium in a serpentine channel with T-junctions. The blood clot formation process and the impact of coagulation on bubble movement were explained based on Taylor-Bretherton's theory and Laplace's theory, and described how the localized thrombus formation upstream severely reduces the flow velocity (Taylor-Bretherton's theory) due to thrombus induced resistance and thus halts the bubble displacement (Laplace's theory) due to clotting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The blood clot formation process and the impact of coagulation on bubble movement were explained based on Taylor-Bretherton's theory and Laplace's theory, and described how the localized thrombus formation upstream severely reduces the flow velocity (Taylor-Bretherton's theory) due to thrombus induced resistance and thus halts the bubble displacement (Laplace's theory) due to clotting. 48 Despite the numerous clinical works concentrating on mitigating surgery-derived or occupationally-derived pathological effects of gas embolism, 26,41,[68][69][70] only a few studies focused on mimicking gas embolism in microfluidic systems. 48,55,56,71,72 However, most of these studies focused on embolism in large blood vessels, e.g., 100 µm, or used blood flow rates or air pressures that are less biologically relevant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…48 Despite the numerous clinical works concentrating on mitigating surgery-derived or occupationally-derived pathological effects of gas embolism, 26,41,[68][69][70] only a few studies focused on mimicking gas embolism in microfluidic systems. 48,55,56,71,72 However, most of these studies focused on embolism in large blood vessels, e.g., 100 µm, or used blood flow rates or air pressures that are less biologically relevant. Also, many more questions regarding the impact of real-life parameters on gas embolism genesis are waiting for answers, such as: What is the effect of micro-vessel diameter (if less than 100 µm) on the genesis of gas embolism?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

In Vitro Investigation of Gas Embolism in Microfluidic Networks Mimicking Microvasculature

Mardanpour¹,

Perumal²,

Mahmoodi³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Gas embolism is a medical condition leading to the blockage of blood flow in the microvasculature by gas bubbles. While reported as rare, gas embolism often has devastating, fatal physiological consequences. Despite this acute importance, the genesis and evolution of air bubbles in blood vessels under different physiological conditions, such as blood viscosity and blood flow rate, is still understudied, largely because of difficult experimentation and in situ visualization. The objective of this work was to study the gas embolism phenomenon in vitro, using a microfluidic system that mimicked the architecture of microvasculature. The microfluidic systems comprised linear channels with two different air inlet types, namely, T- and Y-junctions with three different widths (20 µm, 40 µm, and 60 µm), and a 30 µm width honeycombed network with three bifurcation angles (30°, 60°, and 90°). Three synthetic liquids equivalent to 0%, 20%, and 46% hematocrit that mimicked the physiological blood viscosity and hematocrit concentrations were used. Our results show that: (i) 20 µm and 40 µm width channels had an elevated risk of gas embolism due to wide fluctuations in the total slug sizes; (ii) the resistance to the flow of air bubbles increased with the increase in the equivalent concentration of hematocrit; (iii) gas bubbles causing blockages and dampening of the flow velocity were frequently observed in 20 µm channels, and lastly (iv) increased risk of gas embolism was observed in the honeycomb architecture with 60° and 30° bifurcations. This work suggests that in vitro experimentation using microfluidic devices with microvascular tissue-like structures opens the possibility of studying this medical condition with high reproducibility and impacts the fact-based medical guidelines for preventing or mitigating iatrogenic occurrences.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

In Vitro Investigation of Gas Embolism in Microfluidic Networks Mimicking Microvasculature

Mardanpour¹,

Perumal²,

Mahmoodi³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Bubbles Acting as Micro End‐Effectors for Dexterous Manipulation and Sensing in Aqueous Environment

Xu,

2024

Advanced Intelligent Systems

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Achieving safe robotic manipulation at the microscopic scale usually requires sophisticated equipment, imposing accessibility difficulty in practice. Inspired by tiny bubbles in nature, a new paradigm is proposed for achieving multifunctional manipulation and sensing using microbubbles for biological application in aqueous environments at low cost. Without demanding the expensive cost of fabrication devices, bubbles with various sizes are easy to generate in situ, which is enabled by bubble‐endowed interface interactions. It is demonstrated that bubbles acting as micro end‐effectors rapidly and adaptively realize dexterous manipulation of microobjects such as biological organisms and droplets. They can function as microgrippers to grasp microobjects based on interface interaction‐induced adhesion and act as soft micromanipulators to safely manipulate fragile objects. Moreover, the bubble micro end‐effector can sense and perceive the designated objects for contact measurement of microforces or surface textures at a microscopic scale via the shape changes of their ultrasoft structures. The reported method successfully integrates grasping, manipulation, and measurement functions in liquid using a single microbubble of less than 1 mm3 volume. These nondestructive functionalities showcase promising prospects for bubble‐based micro end‐effectors in biological manipulation and sensing applications.

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Deposition of shear‐thinning viscoelastic fluids by an elongated bubble in a circular channel regarding the weakly elastic regime

Chun,

Yang,

Feng

2024

Droplet

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Thin‐film deposition of fluids is ubiquitous in a wide range of engineering and biological applications, such as surface coating, polymer processing, and biomedical device fabrication. While the thin viscous film deposition in Newtonian fluids has been extensively investigated, the deposition dynamics in frequently encountered non‐Newtonian complex fluids remain elusive, with respect to predictive scaling laws for the film thickness. Here, we investigate the deposition of thin films of shear‐thinning viscoelastic fluids by the motion of a long bubble translating in a circular capillary tube. Considering the weakly elastic regime with a shear‐thinning viscosity, we provide a quantitative measurement of the film thickness with systematic experiments. We further harness the recently developed hydrodynamic lubrication theory to quantitatively rationalize our experimental observations considering the effective capillary number and the effective Weissenberg number , which describe the shear‐thinning and the viscoelastic effects on the film formation, respectively. The obtained scaling law agrees reasonably well with the experimentally measured film thickness for all test fluids. Our work may potentially advance the fundamental understanding of the thin‐film deposition in a confined geometry and provide valuable engineering guidance for processes that incorporate thin‐film flows and non‐Newtonian fluids.

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Flow field around bubbles on formation of air embolism in small vessels

Cited by 17 publications

References 40 publications

<em></em> <i>In Vitro</i> Investigation of Gas Embolism in Microfluidic Networks Mimicking Microvasculature

<em></em> <i>In Vitro</i> Investigation of Gas Embolism in Microfluidic Networks Mimicking Microvasculature

Bubbles Acting as Micro End‐Effectors for Dexterous Manipulation and Sensing in Aqueous Environment

Deposition of shear‐thinning viscoelastic fluids by an elongated bubble in a circular channel regarding the weakly elastic regime

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