Flow injection analysis coupled with HPLC and CE for monitoring chemical production processes

Overview of the status and applications of capillary electrophoresis to the analysis of small molecules

“…CE instrumentation has been modified to allow on-line sampling and monitoring of chemical processes occurring in solution during production. A special sample vial was developed [83] for online coupling to a commercially available CE-instrument. In a separate development [84] an on-line capillary electrophoresis instrument with continuously flowing electrolyte solutions and sequentially applied sample introduction was reported.…”

On‐line conversion and determination of aspirin using a flow injection–capillary electrophoresis system

“…So far, the coupling system has been applied to real samples, including on-line sample filtration [6], dialysis [7], gas diffusion [8], column sorption [9], ion exchange pre-concentration [10], and on-line derivatization [11,12]. Besides sample disposal ability mentioned above, one of the important advantages observed in FI is the exploitation of unstable chemical reactions for quantitative assay using FI techniques [13].…”

Fermentation reactor coupled with capillary electrophoresis for on-line bioprocess monitoring

“…The full power of contemporary separation methods has rarely been implemented. There are several reports on using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to monitor bacterial processes [7][8][9][10][11], but HPLC is an inherently slow method, might lack efficiency and definitely requires sophisticated sample preparation procedures in the case of bacterial process monitoring. The on-line HPLC monitoring of bioprocesses has been critically discussed in the literature [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] as it appears not to be appropriate for process control.…”

“…There are several reports on using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to monitor bacterial processes [7][8][9][10][11], but HPLC is an inherently slow method, might lack efficiency and definitely requires sophisticated sample preparation procedures in the case of bacterial process monitoring. The on-line HPLC monitoring of bioprocesses has been critically discussed in the literature [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] as it appears not to be appropriate for process control. Yet it has been established in the biological and medical monitoring [14] and approaches have been made in the development of a selective HPLC based on-line monitoring in wastewaters [15,16] and bioreactors [17][18][19][20][21].…”