Flow-injection analysis for the determination of total inorganic carbon and total organic carbon in water using the H2O2–luminol–uranine chemiluminescent reaction

Abstract

In the presence of carbonate and uranine, the chemiluminescent intensity from the reaction of luminol with hydrogen peroxide was dramatically enhanced in a basic medium. Based on this fact and coupled with the technique of flow-injection analysis, a highly sensitive method was developed for the determination of carbonate with a wide linear range. The method provided the determination of carbonate with a wide linear range of 1.0×10−10 -5.0×10 −6 mol L −1 and a low detection limit (S/N=3) of carbonate of 1.2×10 −11 mol L −1 . The average relative standard deviation for 1.0×10 −9 -9.0×10 −7 mol L −1 of carbonate was 3.7% (n=11). Combined with the wet oxidation of potassium persulfate, the method was applied to the simultaneous determination of total inorganic carbon (TIC) and total organic carbon (TOC) in water. The linear ranges for TIC and TOC were 1.2×10 −6 -6.0×10 −2 mg L −1 and 0.08-30 mg L −1 carbon, respectively. Recoveries of 97.4-106.4% for TIC and 96.0-98.5% for TOC were obtained by adding 5 or 50 mg L −1 of carbon to the water samples. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 2.6-4.8% for TIC and 4.6-6.6% for TOC (n = 5). The mechanism of the chemiluminescent reaction was also explored and a reasonable explanation about chemical energy transfer from luminol to uranine was proposed.

Relationship, importance, and development of analytical techniques: COD, BOD, and, TOC in water—An overview through time

“…Infrared (TOC-VCSH) coupled to chemiluminescence detector (TNM-1 TN unit) Environmental waters and purified waters 5310B method ( 19) is used for infrared, and by chemiluminescence, total nitrogen is determined. Both methods are coupled to generate simultaneous TOC and NT results 0.5-100 mg C/L Fan et al, [25] bekiari et al, [6] Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy Saline water and freshwater Organic matter is determined at a wavelength of 250 − 300 nm. Then absorbance is analyzed with multiple linear regression models to estimate the TOC value and compare it with the traditional method 10-200 mg L −1 Albrektienė et al, [3] Knapik et al…”

Visual detection of carbonate ions by inverse opal photonic crystal polymers in aqueous solution

“…Alternatively, the carbonate system can be assessed from carbonate concentrations. To detect CO 3 2À , many methods have been reported, including electrode, [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] fluorescence, 18 mass spectrometry, 19 Raman spectroscopy, 20 flow-injection 21 and spectrophotometry. 22 However, such sensors generally involve complex organic synthesis of the recognition receptor and precious instruments to transform anion sensing into readable signals.…”