Flow injection analysis of potassium using an all-solid-state potassium-selective electrode as a detector

Komaba, Shinichi; Arakawa, Junko; Seyama, Michiko; Osaka, Tetsuya; Satoh, Isao; Nakamura, Shōichirō

doi:10.1016/s0039-9140(97)00396-2

Cited by 34 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…1,2,33 The sensitivity in our study is 56.4 mV/decade, which is close to Nernstian value. In other literature, 2,8-10,32-34 the normal range of sensitivity is between 50 mV/decade and 59 mV/decade.…”

Section: Refsupporting

confidence: 85%

All-Solid-State Separated Potassium Electrode Based on SnO[sub 2]/ITO Glass

Cheng

Chou

Sun

et al. 2007

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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An all-solid-state potassium electrode based on tin oxide ͑SnO 2 ͒/indium tin oxide ͑ITO͒ glass is developed in this paper. The sensing membrane of the electrode is prepared by mixing poly͑vinyl chloride͒ ͑PVC͒, bis͑2-ethylhexyl͒ sebacate ͑DOS͒, valinomycin ͑VAL͒, and potassium tetrakis͑p-chlorophenyl͒ borate ͑KTpClPB͒. The mixed solution is dissolved in tetrahydrofuran ͑THF͒. Then, it is dropped on the sensing window of SnO 2 /ITO glass. In addition, the Ag/AgCl wire, which is coated PVC membrane containing 3.5 M KCl powder, is used as a miniaturized reference electrode in this study. The optimum experiment of the potassium sensor is conducted by observing the characteristics of sensitivity and selectivity in different weight ratios. After the optimum experimental trials, the best weight ratio of the potassium sensor is PVC:DOS:VAL:KTpClPB ϭ 33:66:4:2. In this optimum condition, the sensitivity is 56.4 mV/decade with linear concentration range between 1 ϫ 10 −5 M and 1 M. The low detection limit of the sensor reaches to 8 ϫ 10 −6 M, and response time is Ͻ1 s. Moreover, the sensor is slight interfered by sodium, calcium, and magnesium ions. The pH variation does not affect its electromotive force in the range between pH 6 and pH 12. The sensor possesses reusable properties showing that it can be repeated, measuring 30 times.The chemical sensors have been developed for many years because those need a simple analytical technique for real application. The growing trend of chemical sensors is miniaturization and all solid state. 1-5 Among the chemical sensors, the potassium sensor is very important for the clinical and medical fields to detect the potassium ion concentration in serum, urine, and food. 2 The normal range of potassium ion concentration in the human serum is between 3.5 mM and 4.7 mM; hence, hypopotassemia, alkalosis, cirrhosis of liver, and diuretic drugs can be detected by measuring the potassium ion in blood. 6 The potassium sensors have been developed for many years; there are many types, such as ion selective electrode ͑ISE͒, ion sensitive field effect transistor ͑ISFET͒, and others types. Umezawas et al. summarized the papers on potassium ion sensors with different ionophores and membrane composition in the years between 1989 and 1997. 7 The performances of sensitivity and selectivity coefficients were summarized in Ref. 7. Afterward, many papers on potassium ion sensors were focused on ionophores and the membrane matrix. 8-10 In addition, the application of the all-solidstate potassium sensor is starting a trend because the device possesses advantages of a long lifetime, low cost, and short response time. Moreover, a miniaturized reference electrode, such as Ag/AgCl wire coated with a PVC membrane containing KCl powder, was used because the size of the miniaturized reference electrode is smaller than reference electrode with a liquid inner salt bridge, such as REF 251 ͑Radiometer, France͒, used in commercial applications. 5 Indium tin oxide ͑ITO͒ glass is a material of solar cell and thinfilm tra...

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Section: Refsupporting

confidence: 85%

All-Solid-State Separated Potassium Electrode Based on SnO[sub 2]/ITO Glass

Cheng

Chou

Sun

et al. 2007

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…1. Other types of flow-through detectors developed for FIA measurements are so-called cascade-type cells for PVC electrodes with a solid contact [38] and a special type of multielectrode flow cell for BIA measurements [39]. None of those configurations evidently predominated analytical applications, as each of them exhibits some advantages and drawbacks.…”

Section: Potentiometric Detection In Flow Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments in electrochemical flow detections—A review

Trojanowicz

2009

Analytica Chimica Acta

129

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“…One of us successfully adapted PPy-poly(4-styrenesulfonate) composite film, which shows potassium ion exchange ability, as solid reference electrode for K + -ISE (8). It was found that the K + exchangeable and conducting PPy composite film successfully connects both ionic and electronic transfer between platinum substrate and ion-selective membrane to improve the potentiometric and long-term stability, resulting from stabilization of membrane potential (9,10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox-Active Alkali Insertion Materials as Inner Contact Layer in All-Solid-State Ion-Selective Electrodes

et al. 2013

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Lithium insertion materials, such as LiFePO4, have been widely studied as the electrode materials for rechargeable batteries. Alkali ions can be reversibly inserted/extracted into/from their crystal lattices associated with electrochemical redox. In this study, we apply lithium, sodium, and potassium insertion materials as inner contacting layers for the all-solid-state ion-selective electrodes which are covered with the outer ion-selective poly(vinyl chloride) membrane containing ionophore and plasticizer. The introduction of alkali insertion materials layer between Pt substrate and ion selective membrane is highly efficient for the stabilization of membrane potential and its prompt response when alkaline ion activity in analyte changes compared to those of the electrode without alkali insertion materials. Electrochemical measurements reveal that alkali insertion materials as the inner contact layers stabilize the membrane potential because of drastic reduction of interface resistance at the electrode, and thus improves ion-sensing performance.

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Flow injection analysis of potassium using an all-solid-state potassium-selective electrode as a detector

Cited by 34 publications

References 13 publications

All-Solid-State Separated Potassium Electrode Based on SnO[sub 2]/ITO Glass

All-Solid-State Separated Potassium Electrode Based on SnO[sub 2]/ITO Glass

Recent developments in electrochemical flow detections—A review

Redox-Active Alkali Insertion Materials as Inner Contact Layer in All-Solid-State Ion-Selective Electrodes

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