Flow injection analysis system based on amperometric thin-film transducers for free chlorine detection in swimming pool waters

Olivé‐Monllau, Rosa; Orozco, Jahir; Fernández‐Sánchez, César; Baeza, Mireia; Bartrolı́, Jordi; Jimenez-Jorquera, Cecilia; Céspedes, Francisco

doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2008.10.015

Cited by 45 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…An activation procedure was performed to the microsensors [24] before the measurements. Firstly, they were carefully cleaned with 96% ethanol, H 2 SO 4 6M, deionized water and finally dried with nitrogen.…”

Section: E Methodology Of Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The range studied was between 0 and 1.32 ppm of free chlorine, in accordance with the concentrations found in drinking water. The, the potential was shifted to +350 mV after 30 s of magnetic stirring and the cathodic current was then recorded for 30 s. The overall time for one analysis in batch was 60 s. Since solutions of free chlorine are unstable, the stock solution for calibration was analyzed in parallel with the standard DPD colorimetric method, using a commercial kit (Pocket Colorimeter II for Chlorine, HACH Company, Loveland, USA) [24].…”

Section: E Methodology Of Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multisensor Portable Meter for Environmental Applications

et al. 2015

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In recent years the development of information and communication technologies (ICT) has notably improved the water management processes, but the technologies for water quality control still leave much scope for improvement. Specially, in-situ and in-line water monitoring has an increasing interest in order to take decisions at real time. The main drawbacks of the current portable meters are their high cost and their high power consumption. In this work it is proposed a portable compact meter for measuring simultaneously oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), conductivity, temperature and amperometric parameters like chlorine. This system includes microsensors fabricated with microelectronic technologies, and a commercial temperature sensor, all them allowing a very low power consumption. Validation of the system has been carried out using standard solutions and comparing the results with commercial sensors. The response characteristics of sensors, in terms of sensitivity and repeatability, showed a good agreement with those obtained with standard equipment using the same microelectrodes.Index Terms-Portable equipment, microsensors, water monitoring, multiparametric analysis. 1530-437X (c)

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Section: E Methodology Of Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: E Methodology Of Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multisensor Portable Meter for Environmental Applications

et al. 2015

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“…The electrochemical transducers were initially cleaned and activated in batch. The procedures of cleaning and activation are well‐established in our laboratories and were described in detail elsewhere 30. Then, the transducers were placed in the flow system and they were tested in a 0.1 M KNO 3 solution containing K 3 Fe(CN) 6 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compact Electrochemical Flow System for the Analysis of Environmental Pollutants

et al. 2014

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A compact flow system that includes two electrochemical transducers integrated in a miniaturized cell is reported. Each transducer shows an on‐chip thin‐film gold three‐electrode configuration. The cell was machined on polymethyl methacrylate substrates, together with the required minifluidic elements for sample conditioning and analysis. These include several pumps and valves that enabled the system to work in an automatic fashion. Its performance was assessed by analyzing copper, catechol and parathion, using different chronoamperometric approaches. A rapid and reproducible response, ease of use, simple data interpretation and low maintenance make the system amenable to be implemented in a portable instrument for on‐site environmental analysis.

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“…One of the most commonly used techniques for online free chlorine (part of chlorinated water not reacted with any contaminants) monitoring is amperometric sensing. Prussian blue electrodes , gold thin film microelectrodes (Olivé-Monllau et al 2009), and nano-Au film electrodes (Thiagarajan et al 2011), have been applied as amperometric chlorine sensors; however, these devices have high costs due to the use of expensive noble metals as electrode materials (Hall et al 2007). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crumpled graphene oxide decorated SnO2 nanocolumns for the electrochemical detection of free chlorine

et al. 2017

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A crumpled graphene oxide-SnO 2 nanocolumn (CGO-SnO 2 ) composite electrode was fabricated using aerosol-based techniques. First, SnO 2 nanocolumn thin films were fabricated using an aerosol chemical vapor deposition (ACVD) technique. The surface of the nanocolumn was then decorated with CGO by electrospray deposition. The CGOSnO 2 electrode was utilized for the electrochemical detection and determination of the free chlorine concentration in aqueous solutions using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and amperometric i-t curve techniques. The CGO-SnO 2 electrodes worked through the direct electrochemical reduction of hypochlorite ions (ClO -) on the surface of the electrode, which was used to determine the free chlorine concentration. The electrodes operate over a wide linear range of 0.1-10.08 ppm, with a sensitivity of 2.69 lA lM -1 cm -2 . Further, selectivity studies showed that these electrodes easily conquer the electrochemical signals of other common ions in drinking water distribution systems, and only shows the electrochemical reduction signals of free chlorine. Finally, the CGO-SnO 2 electrodes were successfully employed for the detection of free chlorine in tap water solutions (St. Louis, MO 63130, USA) with a sensitivity of 5.86 lA lM -1 cm -2 . Overall, the sensor fabricated using simple and scalable aerosol-based techniques showed a comparable performance to previous studies on amperometric chlorine sensing using carbonbased electrodes.

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Flow injection analysis system based on amperometric thin-film transducers for free chlorine detection in swimming pool waters

Cited by 45 publications

References 19 publications

Multisensor Portable Meter for Environmental Applications

Multisensor Portable Meter for Environmental Applications

Compact Electrochemical Flow System for the Analysis of Environmental Pollutants

Crumpled graphene oxide decorated SnO2 nanocolumns for the electrochemical detection of free chlorine

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