Flow patterns analysis of conventional versus eutectic liquid solvent in different circular small channel diameters

Extractive Desulfurization in Microchannel Contactors Using Deep Eutectic Solvents: Optimization Using Central Composite Design (CCD) and Flow Pattern Mapping

“…The main flow patterns observed in the microchannels are the slug flow, the droplet flow, the annular flow, and the parallel flow. − Based on our knowledge, there are fewer investigations on the flow pattern maps of liquid–liquid flow in microchannels compared to gas–liquid flow. Moreover, as reported in Table , there is a lack of information on the flow pattern of the EDS process in the microchannels. ,− It should be noted that the previous articles did not provide a sufficient illustration of the various flow regime types. Additionally, the application of RSM for the optimization of the EDS in microchannels is limited to the study of Al-Azzawi et al To fill this research gap, the main focus of the present study is to employ the RSM for the optimization of EDS in the microchannels, considering the sulfur removal and appropriate flow pattern.…”

“…T & cross junction n-decane pressure drop diameter = 1.22 mm cyclohexane length = 10, 20, 30, and 50 cm toluene Al-Azzawi et al 40 RSM on extraction efficiency borosilicate circular iso-octane TBAB-PEG200 [1:2] T-junction n-decane PEG200 diameter = 0.5, 1, and 2 mm cyclohexane length = 10, 30, and 60 cm toluene Al-Azzawi et al 37 flow pattern borosilicate circular decane TBAB-PEG200 [1:2] T & Y junction 2,2,4-trimethylpentane PEG200 pressure drop diameter = 0.5, 1, and 2 mm hexamethylene length = 10 cm toluene Li et al 41 extraction efficiency poly(tetrafluoroethylene) circular n-octane methanesulfonic acid IL T-junction diameter = 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 mm Jin et al 42 extraction efficiency fluorinated ethylene propylene circular n-octane 25 studied the EDS process of diesel fuel using amidebased type IV DESs. Based on their report, the highest desulfurization efficiency (i.e., 40.3%) was achieved using DES of zinc chloride/N-methylformanilide with a molar ratio of 1:2.…”

“…According to their study, drop flow, stratified wavy flow, slug flow, plug flow, annular flow, intermittent flow, and dispersed flow were observed in the fuel/solvent two-phase system. Al-azzawi et al 37 investigated the flow pattern of the DES solvent and model fuel in the microchannels. In their study, the plug flow, the drop flow, the intermittent flow, and the annular flow were observed in different conditions, including mixture velocity, fuel to DES volume ratio, microchannel diameter, and different junction types.…”