Flow Phenomena in the Dripping Zone of Blast Furnace − A Review

Ghosh, Sankalpa; Nurni, Viswanathan; Ballal, N. B.

doi:10.1002/srin.201600440

Cited by 31 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Under BF conditions, pyrrhotite will release more sulfur, even below 1000 °C (Figure a), compared to the coking process. So, the aggregates of pyrrhotite enclosed inside of coke matrix will be the source of sulfur in the cohesive zone of the BF, where the formation of droplets of molten iron is already started . Under such circumstances, some amount of solid particles of pyrrhotite can probably be captured by droplets of molten iron, when the particles will appear on the surface of the BF coke upon its consumption (Figure ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and Behavior of Sulfur‐Bearing Minerals in Metallurgical Coke

Gornostayev

Heikkinen

Heino

et al. 2018

steel research int.

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The behavior of sulfur-bearing minerals is characterized from coking coals to the feed coke and the blast furnace (BF) coke using field emission scanning electron microscope and thermodynamic calculations. In coals, they are represented by sulfides (pyrite, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, and arsenopyrite) and sulfates (anhydrite and barite). During coking process, the minerals undergo phase transformations, but sulfur will be retained in the coke in mineral form for most of the minerals until the end of the coking process. Depending on the initial mineral in the coal, sulfur-bearing minerals will be transformed at the end of coking process into the following phases: pyrrhotite, wurtzite, Cu-Fe-S melt, CaS, and BaS. The amount of sulfur that will be kept in the coke in mineral form increases in the following order:gas flow under BF conditions facilitates liberation of sulfur from mineral phases in the Fe-S and Zn-S system. CaS and BaS are the most stable sulfur-bearing phases formed after sulfur-bearings minerals. The coals with elevated amounts of anhydrite and barite, or with high concentrations of Ca and Ba combined with S should be avoided for coking purposes. Complete elimination of mineral-related sulfur from coke under BF conditions occurs above 2000 C. Tools and MethodsThe samples of coals, feed coke, and BF coke we obtained from SSAB Europe Ltd., Raahe, Finland. The coals are represented by Jas Mos coal from Poland, Willow Creek coal from Canada, Riverside coal from Australia, and Severnaya-Vorkuta coal from Russia. The samples of BF coke were obtained by tuyere drilling. The length of the drill core (depth of drilling to the BF) was about 2 m. The supplied coals have, in general, relatively low content of sulfur, which usually do not exceed 0.5-0.6% (O. Kerkkonen, personal communication).Figure 4. Transformations of sulfur-bearing mineral phases (left column), and concentration of sulfur (right column) in mineral-carbon-gas (BF) system at 1000-2000 C. a) pyrhhotite, b) sphalerite-wurtzite, c) molten sulphide (Cu-Fe-S melt), d) CaS, e) BaS. www.advancedsciencenews.com www.steel-research.de steel research int. 2018, 89, 1700470

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and Behavior of Sulfur‐Bearing Minerals in Metallurgical Coke

Gornostayev

Heikkinen

Heino

et al. 2018

steel research int.

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“…Therefore, for many years research centers have tried to facilitate control of the BF process by modelling particular phenomena and analyzing the entire process. Apart from the usual monitoring of real BF processes [1,2] and mathematical and numerical models [3][4][5][6][7], which can be supported by physical cold models [8][9][10][11], the common use of neural networks for controlling hot metal quality and temperature [12][13][14][15][16][17] should be mentioned. Advanced methods such as genetic algorithms [18,19], subspace methods [20][21][22], or fuzzy clustering [23] are also reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Support algorithm for blast furnace operation with optimal fuel consumption

Bernasowski

Klimczyk

Stachura

2019

J min metall B Metall

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Fuel consumption in blast furnaces depends on many factors that are mainly conditioned by the technological level of a given blast furnace, the steel mill in which it operates, and the type and quality of ferrous feed, coke, and additional reducing agents. These are global factors which a furnace crew cannot control during operation. On the other hand, using their own experience and decision-making software, a crew can run a blast furnace with minimal fuel consumption under current batch and process conditions. The paper presents a model-based algorithm for optimizing the operation of blast furnaces to achieve the lowest fuel consumption. The algorithm allows the heat demands to be continuously calculated and highlights any wastage that could be reduced without affecting the stable operation of the blast furnace.

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“…3,4) These phases not only affect the gas phase distribution and composition but also affect the pressure and temperature inside the blast furnace. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the flow behavior of liquid phases in this particular zone, where the pressure and temperature is so high that experimental studies are either inapplicable or very expensive to carry out.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Investigation on the Capability of eXtended Discrete Element Method for Treating the Dripping Zone of a Blast Furnace

Baniasadi

Peters

2018

ISIJ Int.

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The role of molten iron and slag in the dripping zone of a blast furnace is very critical to reach a stable operational condition. The existence of several fluid phases and solid particles in the dripping zone of a blast furnace, makes the newly developed eXteneded Discrete Element Method (XDEM) as an EulerianLagrangian approach, suitable to resolve the dripping zone of a blast furnace. In the proposed model, the fluid phases are treated by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) while the solid particles are solved by Discrete Element Method (DEM). These two methods are coupled via momentum, heat and mass exchanges. The main focus of current study is to investigate the influence of packed properties such as porosity and particle diameters, calculated by the XDEM, on the fluid phases for isothermal. In order to present the capability of the XDEM for this application. The validity of the proposed model is demonstrated by comparing model prediction results with the available experimental data.

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Flow Phenomena in the Dripping Zone of Blast Furnace − A Review

Cited by 31 publications

References 103 publications

Occurrence and Behavior of Sulfur‐Bearing Minerals in Metallurgical Coke

Occurrence and Behavior of Sulfur‐Bearing Minerals in Metallurgical Coke

Support algorithm for blast furnace operation with optimal fuel consumption

Preliminary Investigation on the Capability of eXtended Discrete Element Method for Treating the Dripping Zone of a Blast Furnace

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