Flow-SANS and Rheo-SANS applied to soft matter

Eberle, Aaron P. R.; Porcar, Lionel

doi:10.1016/j.cocis.2011.12.001

Cited by 147 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…In rheo-SANS, a shear field is applied while simultaneous small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and shear rheology measurements are recorded. A detailed description can be found in a recent review by Eberle and Porcar [53]. Under shear flow, segmental alignment of WLMs is often observed in the flow direction [53,56].…”

Section: Rheo-scattering Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Such measurements are now possible using small angle neutron scattering performed using sample geometries consisting of flow cells and rheometers [53]. An extensive study of a highly branched WLM solution of cationic surfactants (erucyl bis(hydroxyethyl)methylammonium chloride) mixed with a hydrotropic salt (sodium salicylate) by Liberatore and co-workers using rheology, cryo-TEM (see Fig.…”

Section: Rheo-scattering Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rheology of branched wormlike micelles

Rogers

Calabrese

Wagner

2014

Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science

127

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Section: Rheo-scattering Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Rheo-scattering Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheology of branched wormlike micelles

Rogers

Calabrese

Wagner

2014

Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science

127

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“…Therefore, many techniques are combined with rheological measurements to give additional structural information. These methods include optical microscopy, small angle light scattering, SANS (260,261), dielectric, Fourier transformed infrared spectrum and so on, although rheological properties are measured offline with these structural characterization in most of the studies. The details and applications of these rheo-optical methods will not be discussed here and can be found in a recent publication (262).…”

Section: Transient Shearmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological Measurements

2013

Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology

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Rheology is the science to study the flow and deformation of matter. It becomes an important field in material science and engineering, food, biotechnology, and so on. The objects in rheological study are not the ideal solid and ideal fluid, which can be described by the Hookean elastic model and the Newtonian viscous model, respectively. Instead, the rheological study often focuses on materials that can exhibit viscous, elastic, and plastic behavior under different flow conditions. They are often termed as complex fluids or soft matter, which include polymers, gels, suspensions, emulsions, biofluids, foods, inks (1). In contrast to hydrodynamics, which often accounts for the complex flow behavior of simple fluids, simple geometry is utilized in rheological measurements to understand the rather complicated relationship between the mechanical input and output of complex fluids. The real flow fields encountered in many applications (such as polymer extrusion, injection molding, blow molding, fiber spinning, inkjet printing, coating) are rather complicated (2). It becomes a problem whether the rheological measurements that performed under simple flow fields are useful in understanding the complicated flow behaviors of complex fluids. Fortunately, it has been proved in many examples that the properties determined from simple rheological measurements are sufficient to quantify the material parameters in various constitutive equations, which have been used widely and successfully to simulate the flow behaviors in polymer processing (3-11). The most frequently used simple flow fields are simple shear flow and simple extensional flow.The simplest geometry that defines the simple shear is two infinite parallel plates separated by a distance h. The liquid is set between two plates with one plate moving parallel to the other (Fig. 1). In reality, when the length L and the width B are much larger than the gap h, the flow in the center regime resembles the flow between two infinite plates. It means that the edge effects are ignored in most experimental shear geometries. In rheological measurements, the flow between two plates should be laminar. Moreover, it is usually assumed that the velocity across the gap satisfies a linear profile. As shown in Fig. 1, if the bottom plate is fixed and the upper plate moves horizontally with the velocity V, the fluid velocity varies linearly from 0 at the bottom plate to V at the upper plate if the no-slip boundary condition is satisfied. The linear velocity profile generates a constant velocity gradient, which is known as the shear rate. Then, the flow field between two parallel plates is homogeneous in the shear rate. The homogeneous assumption is nontrivial in the rheological tests since the actual velocity

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“…As expected, higher conductivity was obtained by increasing branching within the networks. 85 SANS has also been applied to films comprising P3HT and the fullerene derivative PCBM ( [6,6]-phenyl-C 61 -butyric acid methyl ester). 90 As one of the most studied organic p-type and n-type semiconductor films for bulk heterojunction solar cells, 91 the ability to correlate their structure and efficiency is vitally important.…”

Section: P3ht-containing Gels and Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Building on the excellent work of others, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] this perspective highlights the myriad ways in which SANS has recently been used to tackle materials science problems. Alongside this, a brief introduction to the basics of the technique is given, including an assessment of the best ways to design, enact and analyse data from SANS experiments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical applications of small-angle neutron scattering

Hollamby

2013

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

123

116

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Recent improvements in beam-line accessibility and technology have led to small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) becoming more frequently applied to materials problems. SANS has been used to study the assembly, dispersion, alignment and mixing of nanoscale condensed matter, as well as to characterise the internal structure of organic thin films, porous structures and inclusions within steel.Using time-resolved SANS, growth mechanisms in materials systems and soft matter phase transitions can also be explored. This review is intended for newcomers to SANS as well as experts. Therefore, the basic knowledge required for its use is first summarised. After this introduction, various examples are given of the types of soft and hard matter that have been studied by SANS. The information that can be extracted from the data is highlighted, alongside the methods used to obtain it. In addition to presenting the findings, explanations are provided on how the SANS measurements were optimised, such as the use of contrast variation to highlight specific parts of a structure. Emphasis is placed on the use of complementary techniques to improve data quality (e.g. using other scattering methods) and the accuracy of data analysis (e.g. using microscopy to separately determine shape and size). This is done with a view to providing guidance on how best to design and analyse future SANS measurements on materials not listed below.

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Flow-SANS and Rheo-SANS applied to soft matter

Cited by 147 publications

References 111 publications

Rheology of branched wormlike micelles

Rheology of branched wormlike micelles

Rheological Measurements

Practical applications of small-angle neutron scattering

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