Flower and Root Oils of the Tunisian Daucus carota L. ssp. maritimus (Apiaceae): Integrated Analyses by GC, GC/MS, and ¹³C‐NMR Spectroscopy, and in vitro Antibacterial Activity

Abstract

The essential oils from flowers and roots of Daucus carota L. ssp. maritimus were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by combination of GC, GC/MS, and (13)C-NMR. The chemical composition of the flower and root oils of this subspecies is reported here for the first time. Thirty-two and six compounds were identified in flower and root oils, respectively. A remarkable difference was found between the constituent percentages of the two organs. The chemical composition of the essential oil from flowers was characterized by a high proportion of monoterpene hydrocarbons (68.4%) and belonged to the sabinene (4; 51.6%) chemotype. The oxygenated monoterpenes represented the second major fraction of the same oil among which terpinen-4-ol (11.0%) was the predominant compound. Root oil exhibited a surprisingly different composition. Phenolic derivatives (76.3%), myristicin (31; 29.7%), and dillapiole (32; 46.6%) constituted the main fraction. The antibacterial effect resulted in the inhibition of a series of common human pathogenic bacteria, and of some clinically and environmentally isolated strains with significant MIC and MBC values.

Dillapiol: A Pyrethrum Synergist for Control of the Colorado Potato Beetle

“…Because of these and other negative effects, PBO registration may not be renewed and alternative pesticide synergists will be required. Dillapiol, which has a long history of human food use because of Ϸ30% composition in Indian dill oil (Nautiyal and Tiwari 2011), has been suggested for many medicinal applications, including antiinßammatory treatment (Parise-Filho et al 2011), a sparing agent for anticancer drugs, to decrease the cell resistance against antimitotic drugs (Konyushkin et al 2010), antiproliferative activity (Tsyganov et al 2007), antifungal activity (Marongiu et al 2007), antibacterial and antioxidant properties (Jabrane et al 2009) etc. It can be obtained through relatively clean separation processes (steam distillation and SFE) from many temperate and tropical plant species in six different families (Andrei et al 1988, Mahran et al 1992, Siani et al 1999, Morais et al 2007, Nautiyal and Tiwari 2011, Zouari et al 2011.…”

“…Dillapiol content in A. sowa essential oil can be up to 35% (Tomar et al 1979, Nautiyal andTiwari 2011). More than eight other species belonging to eight Apiaceae genera had dillapiol in the essential oil ranging from 0.2 to 65% (Velasco-Negueruela et al 2003, Tsyganov et al 2007, Gross et al 2009, Jabrane et al 2009, Singh et al 2010. Dill seed oil is produced using various techniques, including steam-or hydrodistillation of the aerial parts, as well as supercritical carbon dioxide technology or fractional high vacuum distillation (Maia et al 1998, Nautiyal andTiwari 2011).…”

Medicinal plants in the treatment ofHelicobacter pyloriinfections

“…Daucus carota L. (Apiacea) is traditionally used in different regions throughout the world for the treatment of gastric ulcer, diabetes, nephritic colic, cutaneous infections, and muscle pain (Jabrane et al, 2009;Shebaby et al, 2013). The in vitro anti-H. pylori properties of 60 different commercial essential oils were examined in a study.…”

Biological activities and volatile constituents of Daucus muricatus L. from Algeria

“…Several investigations deal with the chemical composition of essential oils of the Daucus species [3-27]. While no study has investigated D. muricatus essential oils, most of them have reported the chemical composition of essential oils from D. carota and its subspecies [3,4,6-16,20,22,23,25-27]. However, only three studies have reported the chemical composition of essential oils from Daucus species from Algeria.…”

“…Previous reports showed that the chemical composition of Daucus species was more dominated by monoterpene hydrocarbon compounds such α-pinene and sabinene [3,4,10,14,15], and occasionally by phenylpropanoids compounds such as apiol, myristicin, and isochavicol [3,14-16]. Several studies recently investigated the biological activity of Daucus essential oils [6,10,12,19,20]. However, there remain many species and subspecies of Daucus that have not yet been examined.…”