Flower, fruit phenology and flower traits in<i>Cordia boissieri</i>(Boraginaceae) from northeastern Mexico

Martínez-Adriano, Cristian A.; Jurado, Enrique; Flores, Joel; González‐Rodríguez, Humberto; Cuéllar-Rodríguez, Gerardo

doi:10.7717/peerj.2033

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…It produces large, showy, funnel-shaped white flowers with yellow throats, and blooms year-round but most profusely in late spring to early summer [ 64 , 65 ]. Cordia flowers attract butterflies and are pollinated primarily by small beetles and bees, and its fruit is a fleshy, yellow-green, olive-like drupe containing a thick endocarp encasing 2–4 embryos [ 62 , 63 , 64 , 66 ]. Birds, deer, and cattle consume the fruits [ 67 ], which have medicinal value [ 62 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Scarification, Phytohormones, Soil Type, and Warming on the Germination and/or Seedling Performance of Three Tamaulipan Thornscrub Forest Species

Luera

Wahl-Villarreal

Christoffersen

et al. 2021

Plants

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The Tamaulipan thornforests of south Texas and northeast Mexico are an ecologically and economically important conservation hotspot. Thornforest restoration is limited by native tree and shrub seedling availability for planting. Seedling shortages arise from low seed availability and knowledge gaps regarding best practices for germinating and growing the 70+ thornforest species desired for restoration plantings. To fill key knowledge gaps, we investigated three ecologically important thornforest species with low or highly variable germination or seedling survival rates: Ebenopsis ebano, Cordia boissieri, and Zanthoxylum fagara. For each, we quantified the effects of different dosages of chemical seed treatments used to promote germination (sulfuric acid, SA; gibberellic acid, GA; indole-3-butyric acid, IBA) on germination likelihood and timing. We also quantified the effects that these chemical seed treatments, soil media mixture type, and soil warming had on seedling survival, growth, and root morphology. Ebenopsis germination peaked (>90%) with 40–60 min SA treatment. Cordia germination peaked (40%) with 100 mg/L GA treatment. Zanthoxylum germination was negligible across all treatments. Seed molding was rare but stirring during SA treatment reduced Ebenopsis molding by 4%. Ebenopsis seedling survival, height, leaf count, and root morphology were minimally affected by seed treatments, generally reduced by warming, and influenced by soil mix, which also mediated responses to warming. These results suggest improvements to existing practices that could increase Ebenopsis germination by 10–20% and potentially double Cordia germination.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Scarification, Phytohormones, Soil Type, and Warming on the Germination and/or Seedling Performance of Three Tamaulipan Thornscrub Forest Species

Luera

Wahl-Villarreal

Christoffersen

et al. 2021

Plants

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“…According to Maldonado et al (2018) and Gaviria et al (2012), the berries in BD4 have high anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity. They also have a content of total phenols and natural colors comparable or superior to other Vaccinium; therefore, it is a promising fruit for its production and sale as a nutraceutical source to develop functional foods, or for the fresh fruit market.…”

Section: Development Of Berries (Bd)mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The knowledge of the phenology of plants is useful to identify critical periods where plants develop appropriate strategies to face the effect of biotic or abiotic factors, stressors or not (Valbuena et al, 2009). Phenology is useful to know the differences among plant's genotypes and develop agronomic practices adjusted to plant's requirements (Martínez-Adriano et al, 2016). Additionally, it helps to recognize the plasticity between plants and identify the different environments to which they have adapted (Harder and Johnson, 2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It must be considered that climate is the main factor controlling and regulating phenological events (Menzel et al, 2006) since plants are affected by environmental changes, within and between years, such as temperature, relative and soil humidity, nutrient availability, light and CO 2 increase (Nord and Lynch, 2009;Nijlanda et al, 2014;Martínez-Adriano et al, 2016). The phenology responds to the climate for the following reasons: for gene flow to occur between individuals for the same population and to avoid damage due to unfavorable changes over time (Jianwu et al, 2016).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenological scale for the mortiño or agraz (Vaccinium meridionale Swartz) in the high Colombian Andean area

Cano

Bustamante

Orozco³

2019

Rev. Fac. Nac. Agron. Medellín

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Mortiño, Vaccinium meridionale Swartz, represents a viable alternative for fruit growing because of the presence of appropriate ecological niches and spontaneous populations in the Colombian Andean zone. The knowledge of plants’ phenology is useful to identify the response to critical periods (stages and phases) to different biotic or abiotic factors and to define agronomic practices adjusted to their requirements. Only the different phenological stages have been recognized in the mortiño; therefore, it is necessary to detail the phases within each one of them. The identification of the phenological stages and phases of the mortiño’s canopy evolution was based on the scale of the blueberries Vaccinium corymbosum. It was adjusted between 2008 and 2011 to describe in detail the phenological stages of mortiño through monthly photographic records in five natural populations of three Colombian departments; where 48 individuals were randomly identified in each one. The purpose of the elaboration of this scale was to describe and visually identify the phenological phases of natural populations in similar climatic conditions. Four stages were found, the first one comprised the vegetative button formation (VB) with 5 phases, which ends with the formation of shoots. The second stage was the development of the inflorescence (ID) distributed in 5 phases as well, from floral bud to floral anthesis. In the third stage, the floral development (FD) took place, also with 5 phases, from flowering to the beginning of berry formation. The last stage, the berries were developed (BD) through 4 phases, from fruit formation until harvest maturity.

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“…Plant phenology is defined as the study of the seasonal and recurrent timing of life cycle events like sprouting, leaf expansion, abscission, flowering, fertilization, seed set, fruiting, seed dispersal and germination. Thus, phenology patterns displayed by plants are adaptations to the surrounding abiotic and biotic environments ( Martínez-Adriano et al., 2016 ). Particularly, floral induction responds to photoperiod and temperatures but interactions between environmental stimuli and endogenous developmental cues exert some control over floral initiation ( Wilkie et al., 2008 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive shoots of Berberis microphylla G. Forst. in relation with the floral bud development and the fruit set

Radice

Arena

2018

Heliyon

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The objective of this research was to study the reproductive shoots of Berberis microphylla G. Forst. in relation with the floral bud development and the fruit set among and within three populations of Tierra del Fuego during three consecutive years. Evolution of the different reproductive phenological phases of B. microphylla was in accordance with the climatic conditions of the sites and the years, in particular with the temperatures of the end of the winter and beginning of the spring. In fact, blooming period in US was advanced compared to FL and CI populations. Also, full bloom was shorter in US respect to FL and CI populations when the temperatures increased gradually as occurred in 2014 year. The development of reproductive shoots was significantly affected by the population, the shadow and the growing season. Mixed bud number/length was highest in US population; however fruit set was maximum in FL population. Shadow levels of 50% decreased total bud number, total bud number/node number, mixed bud number, mixed bud number/length and fruit number/length. Ultimately, mixed bud number, mixed bud number/length and aborted flowers were maxima in 2015–2016 growing season. The obtained results confirm the presence of phenotypic plasticity of the reproductive shoots of Berberis microphylla G. Forst. in relation with the floral bud development and the fruit set.

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Flower, fruit phenology and flower traits inCordia boissieri(Boraginaceae) from northeastern Mexico

Cited by 7 publications

References 63 publications

Effects of Scarification, Phytohormones, Soil Type, and Warming on the Germination and/or Seedling Performance of Three Tamaulipan Thornscrub Forest Species

Effects of Scarification, Phytohormones, Soil Type, and Warming on the Germination and/or Seedling Performance of Three Tamaulipan Thornscrub Forest Species

Phenological scale for the mortiño or agraz (Vaccinium meridionale Swartz) in the high Colombian Andean area

Reproductive shoots of Berberis microphylla G. Forst. in relation with the floral bud development and the fruit set

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