Flower-like tungsten oxide particles: Synthesis, characterization and dimethyl methylphosphonate sensing properties

Abstract

a b s t r a c tFlower-like WO 3 particles with high specific surface area were synthesized via a template/surfactantfree way. Scanning and transmission microscopies and X-ray diffraction were applied to investigate the formation mechanism of the morphology. Gas sensing characterization showed an enhanced sensitivity (70 Hz/ppm) to dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) as compared with previously reported WO 3 nanoflakes (38 Hz/ppm) at a DMMP concentration of 4 ppm. Cross-sensitivity results revealed that flower-like WO 3 still showed sound sensitivity in presence of interfering agents, which benefited from its intrinsic high sensitivity. The mechanism of DMMP adsorption on the flower-like WO 3 particle was studied by in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy.

Enhancing the Spectroelectrochemical Performance of WO3 Films by Use of Structure-Directing Agents during Film Growth

“…Such surface area is compatible with the presence of micropores between grains of the films (Figure 1d). The values of S BET of the WO 3| mp films and WO 3| µmp films turned out in the same range as reported for WO 3 nanoflakes (~10 m 2 /g [55]) and mesoporous WO 3 (~32 m 2 /g [31]). S BET ∼ = 10 m 2 /g determined for the WO 3| mp films thereby confirmed the presence of mesopores within the films but the considerably higher S BET ∼ = 20 m 2 /g of the WO 3| µmp films shows the significantly increased accessibility of the mesopores by the simultaneous presence of micropores serving as interconnecting channels.…”

Flower-like and hollow sphere-like WO3 porous nanostructures: Selective synthesis and their photocatalysis property

“…For example, Yan et al found that WO 3 3D nanowall and nanowire netted-spheres could be facilely synthesized by a surfactant-assisted solvothermal method using tungsten hexachloride as starting material [25,26]. Zhao et al reported flower-like WO 3 synthesized in a facile solvothermal method using tungsten hexachloride as starting material [27]. Inspired by nature's spectacular Karst landscape, Zhao et al demonstrated a simple solvothermal route with the assistance of urea to synthesize tungstic acid thin layer-coated WO 3 octahedra bound with {1 1 1} basal planes [28].…”

Effect of Temperature and pH on Phase Transformations in Citric Acid Mediated Hydrothermal Growth of Tungsten Oxide

“…Methods to synthesize WO 3 include sol–gel methods, solvothermal synthesis, electrochemical etching, spray pyrolysis, chemical vapor deposition, and template directed synthesis . The hydrothermal synthesis route gives access to WO 3 particles with a well‐defined morphology, such as nanorods, nanowires, nanoplates/nanosheets, nanocubes,[11c] octahedra, nano‐urchins[10b], and flower‐like morphologies . Often capping agents are used to control the morphology and crystal phase of the samples.…”