Flowering Ecotypes of Capsella bursa-pastoris(L.) Medik. (Brassicaceae) Analysed by a Cosegregation of Phenotypic Characters (QTL) and Molecular Markers

Linde, Marcus; Diel, Susanne; Neuffer, Barbara

doi:10.1006/anbo.2000.1308

Cited by 42 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…In Capsella, Linde et al (2001) mapped a population created by crosses between an early and a late flowering ecotype. 13 phenotypic characters were explained by 48 QTLs; three of them explaining the variability for the character ''onset of flowering''.…”

Section: Differentiation and Adaptation In Capsella Bursa-pastorismentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring population and gene pool dynamics of the annual species Capsella bursa-pastoris (Brassicaceae): a review of relevant species traits and the initiation of a long-term genetic monitoring programme

Neuffer

Bernhardt²,

Hurka

et al. 2010

Biodivers Conserv

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Species that colonise habitats on an annual basis are important for studying and understanding evolutionary changes and adaptations in the course of environmental shifts, caused, for instance, by global change phenomena. These species are characterised by a weedy ecology enabling them to react fast to environmental changes. As a model species, we selected Capsella bursa-pastoris (Brassicaceae, Shepherd's Purse), which is annual to biennial, predominantly selfing and closely related to the genetic model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Differentiation and adaptation in C. bursa-pastoris are shortly reviewed. Based on this knowledge, two Botanical Gardens are currently arranging long-term sites characterised by annual ploughing for the genetic monitoring of C. bursa-pastoris. Demographic parameters will be monitored as well, i.e. different life-cycle phases such as flowering, fruiting, and the soil seed bank. Furthermore, seeds of at least 20 individuals will be sampled per year. Isozyme analyses, flow cytometry, AFLPs, SNPs as well as microsatellites will be utilised to characterise changes in genetic diversity patterns over time. In general, the objective of our genetic monitoring of C. bursa-pastoris is to address the following questions: In the light of future research, our objectives are to study whether the genetic structure and diversity of C. bursa-pastoris alter over time, whether a possible invasion of ecotypes/genotypes of Sheperd's purse is traceable using genetic markers, and whether it is possible to relate variation in reproductive patterns to respective candidate genes, which may be useful for monitoring.

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Section: Differentiation and Adaptation In Capsella Bursa-pastorismentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring population and gene pool dynamics of the annual species Capsella bursa-pastoris (Brassicaceae): a review of relevant species traits and the initiation of a long-term genetic monitoring programme

Neuffer

Bernhardt²,

Hurka

et al. 2010

Biodivers Conserv

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“…1). Two less extreme ecotypes, the earlyflowering US721 from Shafter, CA, and the late-flowering US740, from Reno, NV, previously used as parents in a QTL-mapping cross (Linde et al, 2001; A. Ceplitis, B. Neuffer, M. Linde, T. Slotte, M. Kraft, and M. Lascoux, unpublished data), were selected for independent biological validation of gene expression differences between extreme flowering ecotypes (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Flowering Time Variation In C Bursa-pastorismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As in A. thaliana, there is also variation in vernalization requirement, with some late-flowering accessions having an obligate requirement for vernalization in order to flower (A. Ceplitis, unpublished data). Flowering time differences are highly heritable (Linde et al, 2001), and correlation between flowering time and environmental factors indicates that flowering time may represent an adaptation to local climatic conditions (Neuffer and Hurka, 1986;Neuffer and Bartelheim, 1989;Neuffer, 1990). In C. bursa-pastoris, two to three major quantitative trait loci (QTL) for flowering time were found in an F2 population derived from crosses of two North American accessions (Linde et al, 2001;A.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Flowering time differences are highly heritable (Linde et al, 2001), and correlation between flowering time and environmental factors indicates that flowering time may represent an adaptation to local climatic conditions (Neuffer and Hurka, 1986;Neuffer and Bartelheim, 1989;Neuffer, 1990). In C. bursa-pastoris, two to three major quantitative trait loci (QTL) for flowering time were found in an F2 population derived from crosses of two North American accessions (Linde et al, 2001;A. Ceplitis, B. Neuffer, M. Linde, T. Slotte, M. Kraft, and M. Lascoux, unpublished data), but so far little is known about the nature of the genetic differences underlying these QTL.…”

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Differential Expression of Genes Important for Adaptation inCapsella bursa-pastoris(Brassicaceae)

et al. 2007

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Understanding the genetic basis of natural variation is of primary interest for evolutionary studies of adaptation. In Capsella bursa-pastoris, a close relative of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), variation in flowering time is correlated with latitude, suggestive of an adaptation to photoperiod. To identify pathways regulating natural flowering time variation in C. bursapastoris, we have studied gene expression differences between two pairs of early-and late-flowering C. bursa-pastoris accessions and compared their response to vernalization. Using Arabidopsis microarrays, we found a large number of significant differences in gene expression between flowering ecotypes. The key flowering time gene FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) was not differentially expressed prior to vernalization. This result is in contrast to those in Arabidopsis, where most natural flowering time variation acts through FLC. However, the gibberellin and photoperiodic flowering pathways were significantly enriched for gene expression differences between early-and late-flowering C. bursa-pastoris. Gibberellin biosynthesis genes were downregulated in late-flowering accessions, whereas circadian core genes in the photoperiodic pathway were differentially expressed between early-and late-flowering accessions. Detailed time-series experiments clearly demonstrated that the diurnal rhythm of CIRCADIAN CLOCK-ASSOCIATED1 (CCA1) and TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION1 (TOC1) expression differed between flowering ecotypes, both under constant light and long-day conditions. Differential expression of flowering time genes was biologically validated in an independent pair of flowering ecotypes, suggesting a shared genetic basis or parallel evolution of similar regulatory differences. We conclude that genes involved in regulation of the circadian clock, such as CCA1 and TOC1, are strong candidates for the evolution of adaptive flowering time variation in C. bursa-pastoris.

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“…Flowering is induced by long days, and natural accessions differ in their requirement of vernalization (a prolonged cold treatment) for flowering (Slotte et al 2007). The genetic basis of flowering time variation in C. bursa-pastoris has begun to be elucidated through quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping and expression studies (Linde et al 2001;Slotte et al 2007).…”

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Splicing Variation at a FLOWERING LOCUS C Homeolog Is Associated With Flowering Time Variation in the Tetraploid Capsella bursa-pastoris

et al. 2009

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The long-term fates of duplicate genes are well studied both empirically and theoretically, but how the short-term evolution of duplicate genes contributes to phenotypic variation is less well known. Here, we have studied the genetic basis of flowering time variation in the disomic tetraploid Capsella bursa-pastoris. We sequenced four duplicate candidate genes for flowering time and 10 background loci in samples from western Eurasia and China. Using a mixed-model approach that accounts for population structure, we found that polymorphisms at one homeolog of two candidate genes, FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) and CRYPTOCHROME1 (CRY1), were associated with natural flowering time variation. No potentially causative polymorphisms were found in the coding region of CRY1; however, at FLC two splice site polymorphisms were associated with early flowering. Accessions harboring nonconsensus splice sites expressed an alternatively spliced transcript or did not express this FLC homeolog. Our results are consistent with the function of FLC as a major repressor of flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana and imply that nonfunctionalization of duplicate genes could provide an important source of phenotypic variation.

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Flowering Ecotypes of Capsella bursa-pastoris(L.) Medik. (Brassicaceae) Analysed by a Cosegregation of Phenotypic Characters (QTL) and Molecular Markers

Cited by 42 publications

References 39 publications

Monitoring population and gene pool dynamics of the annual species Capsella bursa-pastoris (Brassicaceae): a review of relevant species traits and the initiation of a long-term genetic monitoring programme

Monitoring population and gene pool dynamics of the annual species Capsella bursa-pastoris (Brassicaceae): a review of relevant species traits and the initiation of a long-term genetic monitoring programme

Differential Expression of Genes Important for Adaptation inCapsella bursa-pastoris(Brassicaceae)

Splicing Variation at a FLOWERING LOCUS C Homeolog Is Associated With Flowering Time Variation in the Tetraploid Capsella bursa-pastoris

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