Flowing and Nonflowing Liquid Electrode Discharge Microplasma for Metal Ion Detection by Optical Emission Spectrometry

He, Qian; Zhu, Zhenli; Hu, Shenghong

doi:10.1080/05704928.2013.820195

Cited by 63 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…The importance of this part of plasma physics is undeniably illustrated with the various established and promising applications of plasma-liquid systems. Current industrial implementation can be found in high-voltage switching, 1 electrical discharge machining, 2 chemical analysis, 3,4 and food processing. 5 Next to that, the versatility of this technology has recently led to the development of numerous reactor types that are proposed for water treatment, [6][7][8] shockwave production, 9 polymer solution treatment, 10 chemical synthesis of H 2 and H 2 O 2 , 11,12 nanomaterial synthesis, 13,14 and extraction of biocompounds.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma physics of liquids—A focused review

Vanraes

Bogaerts

2018

Applied Physics Reviews

179

118

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The interaction of plasma with liquids has led to various established industrial implementations as well as promising applications, including high-voltage switching, chemical analysis, nanomaterial synthesis, and plasma medicine. Along with these numerous accomplishments, the physics of plasma in liquid or in contact with a liquid surface has emerged as a bipartite research field, for which we introduce here the term "plasma physics of liquids." Despite the intensive research investments during the recent decennia, this field is plagued by some controversies and gaps in knowledge, which might restrict further progress. The main difficulties in understanding revolve around the basic mechanisms of plasma initiation in the liquid phase and the electrical interactions at a plasma-liquid interface, which require an interdisciplinary approach. This review aims to provide the wide applied physics community with a general overview of the field, as well as the opportunities for interdisciplinary research on topics, such as nanobubbles and the floating water bridge, and involving the research domains of amorphous semiconductors, solid state physics, thermodynamics, material science, analytical chemistry, electrochemistry, and molecular dynamics simulations. In addition, we provoke awareness of experts in the field on yet underappreciated question marks. Accordingly, a strategy for future experimental and simulation work is proposed.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma physics of liquids—A focused review

Vanraes

Bogaerts

2018

Applied Physics Reviews

179

118

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“…We addressed this operational difficulty by introducing dried solution residues into microplasmas using a specially designed, electrothermal vaporization microsample introduction system [18,19,28,29]. Others employed an electrolyte solution as one of the electrodes for their gas-liquid microplasmas [12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To name but a few, according to their operating pressure (e.g., atmospheric-pressure or low-pressure); according to the type of electrical power used to sustain them [8][9][10][11]; as gas-liquid microplasmas (e.g., those that use an electrolyte solution as part of an electrode [12][13][14][15][16]); according to their geometric shape (e.g., planar [10], microhollow [17]); and, according to their method of fabrication (e.g., micromachined or rapidly-prototyped microplasmas on planar, postage-stamp size 2D-chips or 3D-printed microplasmas on 3D-chips [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]). Thus far, microplasmas of the type classified above received attention in the literature, such as, in review articles [1][2][3][4][5][6][7], in books [26,27] and in a growing list of papers describing their use in chemical analysis [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of rapidly-prototyped, battery-operated, argon-hydrogen microplasma on a hybrid chip for elemental analysis of microsamples by portable optical emission spectrometry

Weagant

Dulai

et al. 2015

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

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“…There recently have been appreciable efforts dedicated towards instrument miniaturization relative to spectrochemical analysis methodologies [1][2][3][4]. Decreases in footprint, power requirements, solvent waste, and sample size are all characteristics targeted with the miniaturization of plasma excitation/ionization sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Marcus and co-workers have developed the liquid sampling-atmospheric pressure glow discharge (LS-APGD) microplasma as a low power (<50W), small plasma volume (~1 mm 3 ), and small instrument footprint (<125 cm ) source for detection by OES [29,30]. Differentiating aspects of the LS-APGD versus other liquid electrode devices [3,4,31] are the very high power densities (>10 W mm -3 ) and ability to run in "total consumption" modes at flow rates up to 0.5 mL min -1 . The LS-APGD has demonstrated very promising initial performance as an elemental MS source [32,33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of spectrochemical matrix effects in the liquid sampling-atmospheric pressure glow discharge source

Manard

González

Sarkar

et al. 2014

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

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The liquid sampling-atmospheric pressure glow discharge (LS-APGD) microplasma was evaluated with regards to its spectrochemical robustness in its application as a miniaturized optical emission spectroscopy (OES) source for liquid samples. The susceptibility to perturbations in excitation/ionization conditions was probed across a wide range test species, including transition metals, easily ionized elements (group I), and elements with low second ionization potentials (group II). Spectrochemical metrics included the plasma excitation temperature (T exc), ionization temperatures (T ion), and magnesium (Mg) ionic:atomic (Mg II:Mg I) ratios. The introduction of the 11 different matrix elements into the LS-APGD at concentrations of 500 g mL-1 yielded no significant changes in the optically-determined plasma characteristics, indicating a relative immunity to spectrochemical matrix effects. T exe values for the plasma, using He I as the spectrometric species averaged 2769 ± 79 K across the test matrix, with Mg-based ionization temperature values centered at 6665 ± 151 K. Typical Mg II:Mg I ratios (the so-called robustness parameter) were 0.95 ± 0.3. The lack of appreciable perturbation in excitation/ionization conditions observed here is also manifested in virtually no changes in the probe Mg II and I species' intensities, even at matrix loadings of up 1000 g mL-1 of Ba. These observations indicate that the LS-APGD could serve as an OES source for the analysis of diverse aqueous samples without appreciable spectroscopic matrix effects, though potential physical matrix effects including vaporization effects must be evaluated.

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Flowing and Nonflowing Liquid Electrode Discharge Microplasma for Metal Ion Detection by Optical Emission Spectrometry

Cited by 63 publications

References 70 publications

Plasma physics of liquids—A focused review

Plasma physics of liquids—A focused review

Characterization of rapidly-prototyped, battery-operated, argon-hydrogen microplasma on a hybrid chip for elemental analysis of microsamples by portable optical emission spectrometry

Investigation of spectrochemical matrix effects in the liquid sampling-atmospheric pressure glow discharge source

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