Fluence dependence of femtosecond-laser-induced nanostructure formed on TiN and CrN

Nanograting formation through surface plasmon fields induced by femtosecond laser pulses

“…This condition has been employed in most common to form the periodic surface nanostructure for different kinds of materials. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] We expect that under the condition, the incident fs laser pulse hardly induces strong thermal effects such as thermal melting and erosion before the onset of ablation, and then the ablation trace should be the fingerprint of ultrafast interaction of fs laser pulses with the target surface. The experimental results obtained in our studies support the following scenario of nanostructuring in progress with an increase in the superimposed shot number N of fs laser pulses at a low fluence: 23,27 On a flat target surface, multiple shots of low-fluence fs pulses induce bonding structure change of the material through the linear or nonlinear light absorption.…”

“…The experimental results obtained in our studies support the following scenario of nanostructuring in progress with an increase in the superimposed shot number N of fs laser pulses at a low fluence: 23,27 On a flat target surface, multiple shots of low-fluence fs pulses induce bonding structure change of the material through the linear or nonlinear light absorption. 20,25 An increase in the bonding structure change with increasing N leads to a decrease in the ablation threshold of the target, followed by the onset of nanoscale ablation through the optical near-fields enhanced around the high curvatures on the surface. [20][21][22] Since the near-field direction is along the laser polarization, the intense local E-fields create the initial periodicity in the ablation traces.…”

Carbon-nanotube cathode modified by femtosecond laser ablation

“…However, it has not been possible to obtain sufficient emission uniformity at low applied electric fields using these methods. Recently, a periodic nano-structure formation produced by femtosecond laser ablation [5] [6] has been demonstrated for various materials such as metals [7], dielectrics [8] [9], and semiconductors [10]. The periodic formation originates from the interference between the incident laser and the scattered wave (or plasma wave) along the surface.…”

Periodic and uniform nanogratings formed on cemented carbide by femtosecond laser scanning

“…Recent studies show that laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs) on various materials (including metals [1,2], semiconductors [3,4], and insulators [5,6]) have been investigated extensively using femtosecond laser. According to the periods of LIPSSs, the LIPSSs can be divided into two types [7,8].…”