Fluid and electrolyte balance in elite male football (soccer) players training in a cool environment

Abstract

There are few data in the published literature on sweat loss and drinking behaviour in athletes training in a cool environment. Sweat loss and fluid intake were measured in 17 first-team members of an elite soccer team training for 90 min in a cool (5 degrees C, 81% relative humidity) environment. Sweat loss was assessed from the change in body mass after correction for the volume of fluid consumed. Sweat electrolyte content was measured from absorbent patches applied at four skin sites. Mean (+/- s) sweat loss during training was 1.69+/-0.45 l (range 1.06-2.65 l). Mean fluid intake during training was 423+/-215 ml (44-951 ml). There was no apparent relationship between the amount of sweat lost and the volume of fluid consumed during training (r2 = 0.013, P = 0.665). Mean sweat sodium concentration was 42.5+/-13.0 mmol l(-1) and mean sweat potassium concentration was 4.2+/-1.0 mmol x l(-1). Total salt (NaCl) loss during training was 4.3+/-1.8 g. The sweat loss data are similar to those recorded in elite players undergoing a similar training session in warm environments, but the volume of fluid ingested is less.

Sweat Rates, Sweat Sodium Concentrations, and Sodium Losses in 3 Groups of Professional Football Players

“…Data related to thermoregulation and fluid balance have indicated that football players represent a heterogeneous population compared with players in other sports. 1,3 Football players consistently sweat at higher rates compared with average-sized soccer players or endurance athletes, 3,13,[16][17][18][19]25,26 and even within the sport of football, LM have higher SwtRs and sweat losses compared with BK. 9,10 The physical differences inherent to these groups of players should result in SwtRs that are higher in the LM than in BK, with the midsized LB/QB in between, which is what we found.…”

“…Although daily sodium intake is likely adequate for most athletes in the United States, this may not hold true for football players who are known to lose up to 15 L of sweat per day during preseason training. 11 Investigators have reported on SwtNa + and sodium losses during training and games in European football (soccer) players 13,[16][17][18][19] and on SwtRs and sweat losses in endurance athletes, such as runners 3,20 ; however, few data on American football players are available. We have reported differences in SwtRs between LM and BK, but we have not studied the midsized players, such as linebackers, fullbacks, and quarterbacks (LB/QB).…”

The influence of hydration status during prolonged endurance exercise on salivary antimicrobial proteins

“…However studies suggest that commencing exercise in a mild state of hypohydration is not uncommon across athletic populations (Garth and Burke 2013, Volpe et al 2009, Maughan et al 2005. Furthermore, it has been shown that many athletes fail to consume sufficient fluids during exercise to offset fluid loses, resulting in levels of dehydration in excess of 2% BM loss (Gore et al 1993, Kurdak et al 2010.…”

Avaliação Da Perda Hídrica E Hábitos De Hidratação De Atletas Universitários De Futsal Competitivo

“…As condições climáticas são fatores que contribuem com a redução de massa corporal e com o quadro de desidratação, uma vez que influenciam diretamente a perda de água por evaporação. Todavia, de acordo com alguns estudos 21,22 , atletas de futebol apresentaram pratica- mente a mesma redução de massa corpórea e desidratação percentual em diferentes temperaturas, coincidindo com os resultados do presente estudo, que evidenciou reduções de peso e percentuais de desidratação muito semelhantes entre os treinos, de modo a não serem significativas. Os efeitos fisiológicos da desidratação podem ocorrer em qualquer grau em que esta se encontre.…”