Fluid Mechanics

Pao, Richard H. F.; Seeger, Raymond J.

doi:10.1119/1.1942041

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…In 1854, after making very comprehensive and careful tests on the flow of water in 21 pipes constructed with different diameters and of different materials [Pao, 1967] …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Combining his own and existing data, Nikuradse presented the Nikuradse's experimental curve of f versus Re with ro/a. However, the excellent results of Nikuradse tests have been used as a basis for verifying theoretical studies [Pao, 1967].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Later, Prantl developed Prantl's universal velocity distribution equation in both smooth and rough pipes [Pao, 1967]:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aerodynamic roughness of fixed sandy beds

Dong¹,

Wang²,

Zhao³

et al. 2001

J. Geophys. Res.

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Abstract.The nature of interactions between surface winds and sand surfaces that can be characterized by aerodynamic roughness length has important implications for aeolian sediment transport. Here we report the wind tunnel results of systematic tests of the aerodynamic roughness lengths of different sized fixed sand beds at different free-stream wind velocities. The results suggest that there are complex variations of aerodynamic roughness length. Wind is an active factor in determining the aerodynamic roughness length of fixed sand beds. The so-called 1/30 law in aeolian research proposed by Bagnold more than a half century ago for sand surfaces is found to suffer some limitations. Some multivariate models relating aerodynamic roughness length and other factors are provided. The differences between the aerodynamic roughness of fixed and mobile beds are discussed, and it is implied that mobile surfaces adapt to the wind by changing roughness. The similarities between aerodynamic roughness and hydraulic roughness are compared. Aerodynamic roughness is divided into aerodynamically smooth, transitional, and completely rough regimes.

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“…In 1854, after making very comprehensive and careful tests on the flow of water in 21 pipes constructed with different diameters and of different materials [Pao, 1967] …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Aerodynamic roughness of fixed sandy beds

Dong¹,

Wang²,

Zhao³

et al. 2001

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…Particularly, as noise regulations for environment-friendly products strengthen at home and abroad, the need to reduce fan noise has become more urgent. Many theories have been developed in the course of studying rotor noise (1) - (3) . Nonetheless, an exact solution to this fluid interaction still has not been found.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…F represents the force exerted on the fluid by the rotating blades. The fluctuating force can be approximated by a pulse that decays exponentially along the chord and the fluctuating pressure is correlated to the lift force per unit length F L acting on the blade surface calculated by the Blasius theorem (17) . Accordingly, the radiated acoustic pressure is expressible as a superposition of pressure pulses emitted from each section of the blade surface as flowing (4) …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kriging with Meta-Heuristic Methods for Optimal Design to Reduce the Noise of the Engine Cooling Fan

Sim

Cha

et al. 2005

JSME Int. J., Ser. C

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This paper proposes an optimal design scheme to reduce the noise of the engine cooling fan by adapting Kriging with two meta-heuristic techniques. An engineering model has been developed for the prediction of the noise spectrum of the engine cooling fan. The noise of the fan is expressed as the discrete frequency noise peaks at the BPF and its harmonics and line spectrum at the broad band by noise generation mechanisms. The object of this paper is to find the optimal design for noise reduction of the engine cooling fan. We firstly show a comparison of the measured and calculated noise spectra of the fan for the validation of the noise prediction program. Then, L 18 orthogonal array is applied as design of experiments because it is suitable for Kriging. With these simulated data, we can estimate a correlation parameter of Kriging by solving the nonlinear problem with genetic algorithm and find an optimal level for the noise reduction of the cooling fan by optimizing Kriging estimates with simulated annealing. We notice that this optimal design scheme gives noticeable results. Therefore, an optimal design for the cooling fan is proposed by reducing the noise of its system.

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Modelling of Dynamic Responses of an Automotive Fuel Rail System, Part Ii: Entire System

Qin

Stottler

et al. 2001

Journal of Sound and Vibration

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Fluid Mechanics

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Aerodynamic roughness of fixed sandy beds

Aerodynamic roughness of fixed sandy beds

Kriging with Meta-Heuristic Methods for Optimal Design to Reduce the Noise of the Engine Cooling Fan

Modelling of Dynamic Responses of an Automotive Fuel Rail System, Part Ii: Entire System

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