Fluid secretion by submucosal glands of the tracheobronchial airways

Ballard, Stephen T.; Spadafora, Domenico

doi:10.1016/j.resp.2007.06.017

Cited by 71 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…S1 A and B). These studies are consistent with earlier work (21,23,24) and suggest that loss of anion secretion in submucosal glands alters the properties of mucus.…”

Section: Strands Of Muc5b Mucus Emerge From Submucosal Glands Andsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Finding more mucus-filled ducts in CF is in seeming contrast with previous studies showing that CF submucosal glands are smaller and secrete less liquid than non-CF (28,30,31). However, less liquid secretion together with more mucus filling of the ducts suggests that the mucus has abnormal biophysical properties, a conclusion consistent with earlier studies (21 (21,23,24). These studies were performed with excised airways submerged in saline.…”

Section: Strands Of Muc5b Mucus Emerge From Submucosal Glands Andsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…MCT (21,23,24). These functional observations suggest that mucus forms discontinuous structures rather than a homogeneous layer on the airway surface.…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 82%

“…In CF pigs, a decreased pH, rather than a decreased HCO 3 − concentration, increased airway surface liquid viscosity (29). Earlier studies in CF pigs showed that inhibiting both Cl − and HCO 3 − secretion in non-CF airways was required to produce mucus abnormalities that resemble those in CF (21,23,24). These observations suggest that both liquid volume and the pH or HCO 3 − concentration are important.…”

Section: Muc5b Forms Mucus Strands and Muc5ac Forms Mucus Threads Andmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Gel-forming mucins form distinct morphologic structures in airways

Ostedgaard

Moninger

McMenimen

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

149

178

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Gel-forming mucins, the primary macromolecular components of airway mucus, facilitate airway clearance by mucociliary transport. In cystic fibrosis (CF) altered mucus properties impair mucociliary transport. Airways primarily secrete two closely related gel-forming mucins, MUC5B and MUC5AC. However, their morphologic structures and associations in airways that contain abundant submucosal glands and goblet cells are uncertain. Moreover, there is limited knowledge about mucins in airways not affected by inflammation, infection, or remodeling or in CF airways. Therefore, we examined airways freshly excised from newborn non-CF pigs and CF pigs before secondary manifestations develop. We found that porcine submucosal glands produce MUC5B, whereas goblet cells produce predominantly MUC5AC plus some MUC5B. We found that MUC5B emerged from submucosal gland ducts in the form of strands composed of multiple MUC5B filaments. In contrast, MUC5AC emerged from goblet cells as wispy threads and sometimes formed mucin sheets. In addition, MUC5AC often partially coated the MUC5B strands. Compared with non-CF, MUC5B more often filled CF submucosal gland ducts. MUC5AC sheets also accumulated in CF airways overlying MUC5B strands. These results reveal distinct morphology and interactions for MUC5B and MUC5AC and suggest that the two mucins make distinct contributions to mucociliary transport. Thus, they provide a framework for understanding abnormalities in disease.mucus | cystic fibrosis | lung | asthma | COPD

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“…S1 A and B). These studies are consistent with earlier work (21,23,24) and suggest that loss of anion secretion in submucosal glands alters the properties of mucus.…”

Section: Strands Of Muc5b Mucus Emerge From Submucosal Glands Andsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Strands Of Muc5b Mucus Emerge From Submucosal Glands Andsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…MCT (21,23,24). These functional observations suggest that mucus forms discontinuous structures rather than a homogeneous layer on the airway surface.…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Muc5b Forms Mucus Strands and Muc5ac Forms Mucus Threads Andmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Gel-forming mucins form distinct morphologic structures in airways

Ostedgaard

Moninger

McMenimen

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

149

178

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…10 In case of dehydration, mucins might be secreted in plugs rather an a smooth film of mucus. 23 This phenomenon might be analogous to cystic fibrosis lung disease, in which altered fluid secretions across tracheal glands, an atypical mucin network with abnormal rheological properties, and altered mucus clearance may be responsible for the airway 'plugs' that are characteristic of the disease. 24,25 Thus, after management of drooling with BoNT-A injections, the ineffective salivary mucus film may cause more friction, leading to incomplete wetting of the oral cavity and moistening of food, which hampers mastication, swallowing, and speech.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thickened saliva after effective management of drooling with botulinum toxin A

Erasmus

Hulst

Hoogen

et al. 2010

Develop Med Child Neuro

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AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the rheological properties of saliva after submandibular botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) injections.METHOD We enrolled 15 children (11 males and six females; age range 3-17y, mean age 9y 10mo) diagnosed with spastic (n=9) or dyskinetic (n=6) quadriplegic cerebral palsy (CP); Gross Motor Function Classification System level IV or V; and two children with intellectual disability (IQ <70) who experienced moderate to severe drooling. Salivary flow rate and drooling quotient were measured at baseline and at different times after BoNT-A injections up to 24 weeks. The mucin concentration of saliva was analysed before and after BoNT-A treatment.RESULTS Both submandibular salivary flow rate (baseline 0.38mL ⁄ min; 24wks after injection 0.26mL ⁄ min) and drooling quotient (baseline 42.5%; 24wks 28.80%) were substantially reduced, with a concomitant increase in mucin concentration within 8 weeks after BoNT-A injection (from 0.612 to 1.830U ⁄ mL). The parents of nine children observed thickened saliva. Swallowing and chewing were problematic in seven children. Two of these children needed treatment with mucolytics because of pooling of thickened saliva in the throat. INTERPRETATIONWhen making decisions about the use of BoNT-A, the risk of problems with masticatory and swallowing functions as a result of thickening of saliva after BoNT-A treatment should be taken into account.Local injection of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) into the salivary glands is used to prevent drooling. BoNT-A causes a temporary inhibition of SNAP-25, the presynaptic acetylcholine exocytotic synaptosome-associated protein which has a molecular weight of 25kDa. As a result, the gland's capacity to secrete water is depressed. After BoNT-A injection, basal saliva secretion is usually sufficient to moisten the oral cavity and to facilitate swallowing of food. Incidental side-effects have been reported, such as flu-like symptoms lasting for less than 2 days, swallowing difficulties, viscous saliva and dryness of the mouth, transient slight weakness of the masseter muscle or mouth openers, and, rarely, jaw dislocation. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Human saliva serves multiple functions in the oral cavity, including moistening of food, facilitation of mastication and swallowing, and cleaning and lubrication of the oral mucosa. 7 The seromucous sublingual, submandibular, and palatine glands secrete mucins that coat and protect the epithelial tissue of the oral cavity and give the typical viscoelastic character to saliva. Salivary mucins are primarily wetting agents that play a role in lubricating the tissue-environmental interface to reduce friction. 8,9 We have observed that in some children the saliva becomes sticky after intraglandular botulinum toxin injection and postulated that sticky saliva may cause swallowing problems as a result of an increase in protein concentrations and hence salivary viscosity, resulting in greater friction. 10 Previous studies have focused on the effect of BoNT-A on salivary proteins such as se...

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Understanding the development of the respiratory glands

May

Tucker

2015

Developmental Dynamics

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Background: The submucosal glands (SMGs) of the respiratory system are specialized structures essential for maintaining airway homeostasis. The significance of SMGs is highlighted by their involvement in respiratory diseases such as cystic fibrosis, asthma and chronic bronchitis, where their phenotype and function are severely altered. Uncovering the normal development of the airway SMGs is essential to elucidate their role in these disorders, however, very little is known about the cellular mechanisms and intracellular signals involved in their morphogenesis. Results: This review describes in detail the embryonic developmental journey of the nasal SMGs and the postnatal development of the tracheal SMGs in the mouse. Current knowledge of the genes and signalling molecules involved in SMG organogenesis is also explored. Conclusion: Here we review the temporal localisation and development of the murine respiratory glands in the hope of stimulating further research into the mechanisms required for successful SMG patterning and function. Developmental Dynamics 244:525-539, 2015. V C 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Fluid secretion by submucosal glands of the tracheobronchial airways

Cited by 71 publications

References 68 publications

Gel-forming mucins form distinct morphologic structures in airways

Gel-forming mucins form distinct morphologic structures in airways

Thickened saliva after effective management of drooling with botulinum toxin A

Understanding the development of the respiratory glands

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