FLUIDITIES AND CHANGES IN VOLUME OF THE BINARY SYSTEMS ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL-BENZENE AND ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL-WATER¹

Abstract

The extension of the laws governing dilute solutions to a variety of components in concentrated solutions has attracted considerable attention in recent investigations. A critical scrutiny of the derived equations, which are thermodynamically sound and which in a measure have corrrelated changes in colligative properties with changes in concentration, reveals that these were deduced for ideal mixtures containing one component greatly in excess of the other.The applications of the generalizations of van't Hoff, Raoult, and Henry to property-composition relations have been the subjects of many research problems. These are problems of great importance, from both theoretical and practical standpoints, and much of physical chemistry is concerned with them.The problem of solubility may be considered from two angles. In the first place, one may consider how the escaping tendency of any component of a solution varies with the composition of the solution, and in the second place, one may consider how this escaping tendency depends upon the specific character of the components.As a part of a comparative study of binary and ternary systems made up of water, a hydrocarbon, and a lower alcohol, the following observations have been made on solutions of isopropyl alcohol in benzene and isopropyl alcohol in water. MATERIALSThe methods of purification and the physical constants of these materials have been discussed and recorded in a previous article (10).

Analysis Data for Ternary System Isopropyl Alcohol-Isopropyl Ether-Water

“…Densities. The density of isopropyl alcohol has been given variously as 0.7803 (19), 0.7807 (05), 0.7808 (5, 11, 04), 0.7809 (15,17), 0.7810 (14, 01), 0.7811 (00), and 0.7812 (16). Values of 0.7811 to 0.7812 were obtained in the present work for alcohol which had been in contact with air if only for a short time; this material was found by the Karl Fischer method to contain water.…”

“…of Parks and Kelley (17) and 2.08 cp. of Olsen and Washburn (16). Assuming a linear variation of log viscosity with reciprocal of absolute temperature, a value for 25°C.…”

The mutual diffusion coefficient for binary mixtures of water and the isomers of propanol

“…We have employed available diffusivity (Pratt & Wakeham 1974;Partington et at. 1958;Mills 1973) and viscosity data (Olsen & Washburn 1938;Dunstan 1904;Bingham & Jackson 1918) to evaluate the parameter aj for water, ethanol and the propanols when they diffuse in different solvents at a temperature of 25 °C. The results are listed in table 4.…”

Supercritical drying of cementitious materials

“…The average molecule radius of the system R WI (m) is calculated based on the mole fraction of each component in the system, by using radii of water (0.15 nm) and IPA (0.25 nm). η WI (Pa/s) is the dynamic viscosity of the mixture and has been measured in the literature [24] as a function of isopropanol mole fraction. The constant α is typically in the range of 4 -6, where 6 is used for the case that very large particles diffuse into the system with small particles, and for the system with close molecule size, α is smaller (4 is suggested in [25,26]).…”

“…WI during IPA/water exchange. Viscosity data are taken from [24] In Eqs. (2) and (3), the only unknown is the tortuosity τ, which can be determined by fitting the measured mass loss curve during the isopropanol-water exchange.…”