Fluorescein Angiography of Peripheral Retina and Pars Plana During Vitrectomy for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

Endodiathermy Plus Photocoagulation as Treatment of Sclerotomy Site Vascularization Secondary to Pars Plana Vitrectomy for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

“…Thus, the whole fibrovascular complex was removed. To reduce the ischemia and avoid neovascular recurrence, 8 27,28 This was followed by ablation of the more peripheral retina, completing the previously performed panphotocoagulation. We used argon green laser with a 500-mm spot for 0.1 second to 0.5 seconds with an average of 400 to 500 shots from the equator to the pars plana, carried out under air to visualize the extreme periphery ( Figure 2).…”

Peripheral Vessel Leakage (PVL): A New Angiographic Finding in Diabetic Retinopathy Identified with Ultra Wide-Field Fluorescein Angiography

“…24,25 Endoscopic FA during vitrectomy of the extreme 32 S. C. N. Oliver and S. D. Schwartz Seminars in Ophthalmology retinal periphery (anterior retina, ora serrata and pars plana) demonstrated wide avascular regions anterior to previous photocoagulation scars. 26 Further study by Terasaki and colleagues demonstrated an elevated fibrovascular ridge at the ora serrata in 92% of patients with rubeosis iridis versus 43% of patients without rubeosis. 27 In our study, a lower percentage of patients (19%) were found to have anterior neovascularization.…”

Optical and Opto-Acoustic Interventional Imaging

“…Due to the high absorption of visible light by hemoglobin, fluorescein can be detected generally in superficial tissues (<5 mm). Fluorescein is primarily used in eye diagnostics and retinal angiography studies, 25,57,191 including measurements of retinal perfusion 177 but its use in other applications has been considered for example in cranial base surgery, 152 thoracoscopy, 143 glioma surgery, 114 colorectal cancer 124 or to monitor aortic valve replacement surgery. 159 In addition to fluorescein, indocyanine green (ICG) 168 has also been considered as an alternative organic dye for optical imaging applications operating in the near-infrared.…”