Fluorescence-Labeled Abamectin Nanopesticide for Comprehensive Control of Pinewood Nematode and Monochamus alternatus Hope

Abstract

Pine wilt disease is a major forestry quarantine disease caused by pinewood nematode and spread by the vector insect Monochamus alternatus (MA), which has brought destructive harm to pine trees. Avermectin (AVM) is a broad-spectrum fungicide, insecticide, and nematicide. However, AVM easily degrades under ultraviolet light and is almost insoluble in water, which seriously affect its control effect on the pine wilt disease. In this study, an original nanopesticide was designed to improve the bioactivity and utilization of AVMactive ingredients, with antiphotolysis and slow release properties especially. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was dissolved in water, taking advantage of the oleophobic properties of the protein to wrap AVM in an oil phase by self-assembly. The obtained AVM BSA nanoparticles (AVM@BSA• NPs) had preferable sustained-release performance, the cumulative release reached 90.2%, the nanoparticles could be released continuously for about 20 days, the particle size of the AVM@BSA•NPs was about 65 nm, and the loading efficiency reached 78%. The nanodelivery system could effectively protect AVM from photolysis, and the retention of AVM@BSA•NPs was close to 80 and 75% after 48 and 72 h under ultraviolet light, respectively. In addition, the nanopesticides were prepared by labeling AVM@BSA• NPs with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) to research the mechanism of contact and stomach toxicity of AVM using the probe function of FITC. Compared with AVM original, the stomach toxicity and contact toxicity of AVM@BSA•NPs increased by 35.3 and 19.6%, respectively. There are broad application prospects of AVM@BSA•NPs for the prevention and control of forest diseases and other pests.

Scientific review of the impact of climate change on plant pests

“…More recently, nanotechnology applications in the agricultural domain typically consist of the encapsulation of known herbicides, fungicides or insecticides into synthetic nanocarriers composed of clays, silica, lignin or natural polymers, including alginate, chitosan and ethyl cellulose (Diyanat et al, 2019). Polycaprolactone has been used as a nanocarrier for the herbicide pretilachlor (Diyanat et al, 2019), the triazine herbicides atrazine, ametryn and simazine (Grillo et al, 2012), and the pesticide avermectin (Su et al, 2020). Polycaprolactone has become popular because it naturally degrades in the environment, is inexpensive to produce and is not reliant upon petroleum plastic production (Sabry and Ragaei, 2018).…”

“…Nanopesticides have been very successfully tested for control of pine wilt nematode, with nanoencapsulated avermectin shown to have superior toxicity to the nematode's gastrointestinal system, greater sustained-release performance and improved photolytic stability in comparison to a traditional delivery of avermectin (Su et al, 2020). Nanoencapsulating atrazine has also been found to reduce the harmful environmental effects of this herbicide, without negatively affecting the mortality rate of Bidens pilosa seedlings (Preisler et al, 2020).…”

Slow Released Nano-pesticide Platform Based on Metal Organic Framework for Delivery Avermectin, Cytotoxicity and Insecticidal Propertiesslow Released Nano-pesticide Platform Based on Metal Organic Framework for Delivery Avermectin, Cytotoxicity and Insecticidal Propertiesslow Released Nano-pesticide Platform Based on Metal Organic Framework for Delivery Avermectin, Cytotoxicity and Insecticidal Properties

“…The retention of AVM in culture dish was entirely extracted by 20 mL methanol at different intervals and analyzing by UV spectrophotometer. AVM, AVM@EC were designed as controls under same conditions [39].…”

Nanomaterials and nanotechnology for the delivery of agrochemicals: strategies towards sustainable agriculture

“…In 2019, IUPAC selected ten chemical technologies most likely to impact human society in the future [ 17 ], and nanopesticides were ranked first for their potential low impact on the environment and human health. Benefits such as increased penetration [ 18 ], coverage [ 19 ] and uptake of active ingredients (AIs) [ 20 ] on the target in the presence of NMs will also occur for all agrochemicals with nanotechnology applications in agriculture [ 21 ]. Nano-agrochemical delivery system via NMs have great potential for improving the efficacy of agricultural inputs, alleviating environmental pollution, and saving labor costs, which contributes to the maintenance of the sustainability of agricultural systems and the improvement of food security.…”