2015
DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b01881
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Fluorescent Probe HKSOX-1 for Imaging and Detection of Endogenous Superoxide in Live Cells and In Vivo

Abstract: Superoxide anion radical (O2(•-)) is undoubtedly the most important primary reactive oxygen species (ROS) found in cells, whose formation and fate are intertwined with diverse physiological and pathological processes. Here we report a highly sensitive and selective O2(•-) detecting strategy involving O2(•-) cleavage of an aryl trifluoromethanesulfonate group to yield a free phenol. We have synthesized three new O2(•-) fluorescent probes (HKSOX-1, HKSOX-1r for cellular retention, and HKSOX-1m for mitochondria-t… Show more

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Cited by 250 publications
(159 citation statements)
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“…We then determined the ROS levels in H. pylori upon the treatment of CBS using a fluorescent probe HKSOX1. 28 The green fluorescent intensities increased with the amounts of CBS (Fig. S10†), indicating the elevated levels of intracellular oxidative stress caused by CBS.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 96%
“…We then determined the ROS levels in H. pylori upon the treatment of CBS using a fluorescent probe HKSOX1. 28 The green fluorescent intensities increased with the amounts of CBS (Fig. S10†), indicating the elevated levels of intracellular oxidative stress caused by CBS.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 96%
“…Neither of these bulk measurements provide single-cell resolution of endogenous O 2 •– in bacterial populations. Though new probes specific to O 2 •– and suitable for direct in vivo studies have been developed in recent years, they have not been evaluated in bacteria (Mukhopadhyay et al, 2007; Hu et al, 2015; Shin et al, 2015). Here, we applied our flow cytometric method with CellROX Green to quantify O 2 •– production in three diverse but well-studied model bacteria, E. coli and the mycobacterial species Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), all subjected to the well-studied stresses of antibiotic exposure and nutrient depletion.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The method is also useful in future studies on cpYFP, which should focus on modifying cpYFP to create superoxide-selective reversible indicator for the measurement of superoxide signal independent of the concurrent pH changes during a flash. Recently, a small molecule superoxide indicator has been developed [53]. The indicator, named HKSOX-1, detects superoxide independent of protonation/deprotonation, which makes it pH insensitive.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%