Fluoride in drinking water and human urine in Northern and Central Poland

Czarnowski, Wojciech; Wrzeniowska, K; Krechniak, J

doi:10.1016/0048-9697(96)05259-x

Cited by 92 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In Mexico, five million people (about 6% of the population) are affected by consuming fluoride-contaminated groundwater (UNICEF 1999). Poland, Finland, and the Czech Republic have levels of fluoride in drinking water as high as 3 ppm (Czarnowski et al 1996;Lahermo et al 1990). In the Ethiopian Rift Valley, fluoride concentrations in the range of 1.5-177 ppm have been reported (Kloos et al 1993).…”

Section: Occurrence Of Fluoride In Groundwatermentioning

confidence: 97%

Fluoride in the Environment and Its Metabolism in Humans

Jha

Mishra

Sharma

et al. 2011

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

144

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The presence of environmental fluoride and its impact on human health is well documented. When consumed in adequate quantity, fluoride prevents dental caries, assists in the formation of dental enamels, and prevents deficiencies in bone mineralization. At excessive exposure levels, ingestion of fluoride causes dental fluorosis skeletal fluorosis, and manifestations such as gastrointestinal, neurological, and urinary problems. The distribution of fluoride in the environment is uneven and largely is believed to derive from geogenic causes. The natural sources of fluoride are fluorite, fluorapatite, and cryolite, whereas anthropogenic sources include coal burning, oil refining, steel production, brick-making industries, and phosphatic fertilizer plants, among others. Among the various sources of fluoride in the environment, those of anthropogenic origin have occasionally been considered to be major ones. The gourndwater is more susceptible to fluoride accumulation and contamination than are other environmental media, primarily because of its contact with geological substrates underneath. The high fluoride concentration in water usually reflects the solubility of fluoride (CaF₂). High concentrations are also often associated with soft, alkaline, and calcium-deficient waters. The fluoride compounds that occur naturally in drinking water are almost totally bioavailable (90%) and are completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. As a result, drinking water is considered to be the potential source of fluoride that causes fluorosis. Because the bioavailability of fluoride is generally reduced in humans when consumed with milk or a calcium-rich diet, it is highly recommended that the inhabitants of fluoride-contaminated areas should incorporate calcium-rich foods in their routine diet. Guidelines for limiting the fluoride intake from drinking water have been postulated by various authorities. Such limits are designed to protect public health and should reflect all fluoride intake sources, including dietary fluoride. The toxicological risks posed by fluoride could be better understood if epidemiological surveillance for dental and skeletal fluorosis would be systematically conducted in fluoride-affected areas. Such input would greatly improve understanding of the human dose-response relationship. Such surveillance of potentially high fluoride areas is also important because it would help to delineate, much earlier, the remedial measures that are appropriate for those areas.

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Section: Occurrence Of Fluoride In Groundwatermentioning

confidence: 97%

Fluoride in the Environment and Its Metabolism in Humans

Jha

Mishra

Sharma

et al. 2011

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

144

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…15 Urinary creatinine was determined by the method of Folin and Morris. 16 Urinary F is reported as mg F/g creatinine.…”

Section: Animals and Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative stress parameters in rats exposed to fluoride and caffeine

Inkielewicz‐Stępniak

Czarnowski

2010

Food and Chemical Toxicology

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SUMMARY:The action of fluoride (F) and aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, ASA) administered separately and together on oxidative stress parameters and on F excretion in rats was studied over a period of six weeks. Thirty adult male Wistar rats were divided into five equal groups of six each: (I) controls receiving tap water; (II) controls receiving intragastrically 1 mL of tap water (once a day); (III) animals receiving 25 mg F/L in their drinking water; (IV) animals receiving 35 mg ASA/kg bw/ day; (V) animals receiving 25 mg F/L in drinking water and 35 mg ASA/kg bw/day. In rats treated only with fluoride the F excretion in urine significantly increased in an exposure time-dependent manner and decreased both in rats treated with ASA and co-exposed to ASA and F. In animals treated with ASA alone, the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and the concentrations of glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) increased in brain, liver and blood, whereas the activity of catalase (CAT) decreased in liver and erythrocytes, but increased in liver. In rats exposed to F alone the concentration of GSH and the activities of GPx and CAT decreased, whereas the concentration of TBARS significantly increased in liver, brain, kidney and blood. In rats co-exposed to F and ASA, the concentrations of GSH and TBARS and the activities of GPx and CAT (except in liver) were higher than in animals receiving only F.

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“…A 1996 study by Czarnowski et al [32] on fluoride content in 94 localities in northern and central Poland revealed that in the majority of the studied country areas (62 localities) fluoride concentration was below 0.3 mg/l; however, in 24 localities it ranged from 0.3 to 1.0 mg/l and in eight localities it even exceeded 1.0 mg/l (with a peak value = 3.0 mg/l).…”

Section: Sources Of Fluoride Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%