Fluoride in Natural Waters

Edmunds, W.M.; Smedley, Pauline

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4375-5_13

Cited by 289 publications

(273 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Nearly 41% of groundwater of the study area has more than 1.00 mg/L of fluoride which is the desirable limit and 20% of the groundwater has more than 1.5 mg/L of fluoride which is the permissible limit for drinking purposes. The present study region is occupied by Granitic rocks and these are well known to contain a relatively larger proportion of high-fluorine minerals (Edmunds and Smedley 2005;Adimalla and Venkatayogi 2017;Narsimha and Sudarshan 2013). Fluorite, the main mineral that controls the geochemistry of fluoride in most environments, is found in significant amount in granite, granite gneisses, and pegmatite (Narsimha and Sudarshan 2017a, b;Adimalla and Venkatayogi 2017;Chae et al 2007;Deshmukh et al 1995).…”

Section: Nitrate (No 3 − ) and Fluoride (F − )mentioning

confidence: 98%

Geochemical characterization and evaluation of groundwater suitability for domestic and agricultural utility in semi-arid region of Basara, Telangana State, South India

2018

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Hydrogeochemical investigations were carried out in semi-arid region of Basara to estimate the quality of groundwater for its suitability for domestic and agricultural purposes. For this region 34 groundwater samples were collected in different locations and analyzed for various ions, viz., Na + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , K + , Cl − , HCO 3 − , SO 4 2− , CO 3 2− , HCO 3 − , NO 3 − and F − to assess the water chemistry with sodium absorption ratio, %Na, residual sodium carbonate, magnesium hazard. The nitrate and fluoride concentrations were above the maximum permissible limit, while calcium, sodium, potassium and chloride were found below the desirable limits in most of the groundwater samples. The Wilcox diagram illustrates that 59% of the samples belong to excellent to good category, while the US Salinity Laboratory diagram indicates medium salinity/low sodium content in 64.70% of samples. In general, the geochemistry of groundwater in Basara region is influenced by the water rock processes through percolation and dissolution of rock forming minerals, while calculated values of saturation index for Anhydrite, Aragonite, Artinite, Brucite, Calcite, Fluorite, Gypsum, Dolomite and Magnesite of the groundwater samples were less than zero, indicating under-saturation. Chadha rectangular diagram for geochemical classification and hydrochemical processes of groundwater for Basara provinces indicates 50% of Na + -Cl − , 29% of Ca 2+ -Mg 2+ -Cl − and 18% of the water samples concentrate in the category of Na + -HCO 3 − type.

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Section: Nitrate (No 3 − ) and Fluoride (F − )mentioning

confidence: 98%

Geochemical characterization and evaluation of groundwater suitability for domestic and agricultural utility in semi-arid region of Basara, Telangana State, South India

2018

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“…Figure 4 displays that relatively high fluoride was also found in shallow wells. Earlier researchers reported that fluoride is mostly originated from the geogenic sources and processes (Apambire et al 1997;Ayoob and Gupta 2006;Edmunds and Smedley 2005;Reddy and Prasad 2003). In the study region, fluoride seems to be derived from surface contamination sources and/or aquifer minerals, which is discussed in the later sections.…”

Section: Vertical Variation In Groundwater Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results manifest that groundwater of the study site is saturated and supersaturated with respect to carbonate minerals and undersaturated with respect to fluorite and gypsum. Fluoride occurs in a combined form in rocks and soil in wide variety minerals such as fluorspar (fluorite), cryolite, apatite, topaz and their corresponding host rocks such as granite, basalt, syenite, and shale (Apambire et al 1997; Ayoob and Gupta 2006;Buxton and Shernoff 1999;Edmunds and Smedley 2005;Hamilton et al 1982;Reddy and Prasad 2003;WHO 1994). According to Jacks et al (2005), fluoride is originated by condensation of soluble components due to evaporation and evapotranspiration.…”

Section: Soil-water Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of contaminants and groundwater quality in the coastal part of a river delta

Vetrimurugan

Elango

Rajmohan³

2013

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Assessment of possible sources that control the groundwater quality was carried out in the Cauvery deltaic region, India, since domestic and agricultural water requirements are largely met by groundwater abstraction. Major ion and bromide contents are high in groundwater in the coastal wells. Spatial and vertical distributions of ions reveal that the shallow wells and wells in coastal parts have high chloride, nitrate, ammonium and phosphate. Groundwater quality assessment was carried out using the prescribed limits of World Health Organization and Bureau of Indian Standards which indicates that 55 % of samples are not fit for drinking. Integrated suitability map for drinking was created based on the concept that if the water sample exceeds any one of the standards by World Health Organization or Bureau of Indian Standards, the well is not fit for drinking. Groundwater quality for agricultural activities was assessed using electrical conductivity, sodium adsorption ratio, residual sodium carbonate, United States salinity laboratory diagram and Food and Agricultural Organization methods. According to Food and Agricultural Organization, 84 % of samples are classified as low sodium water and are suitable for all crops and soils. It was found that the water quality in this area is affected by improper disposal of waste, sewage/drainage canals near the wells, irrigation return flow, application of agrochemicals and saline water intrusion in the coastal region. Further, integrated suitability map produced in this study will be useful for future groundwater development and planning in this area. The suitability map needs to be updated periodically for proper management plan to preserve the groundwater resource in this region.

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“…Indeed high-fluoride environments are typically associated with volcanic rocks, marine sediments and granite and gneissic rock types and occur in many areas of the globe including the Mediterranean; southern Europe and Russia, the Middle East, the East African Rift from Jordan to Tanzania, West and southern Africa, India, Pakistan, Thailand, China and the southern USA. Human dental and skeletal fluorosis affect millions of people in many of these areas as a result of exposure to high-fluoride drinking waters (See WHO (2006); Edmunds and Smedley (2005)). …”

Section: Rocks Soils and Watersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorine: Human Health Risks

Fordyce

2011

Encyclopedia of Environmental Health

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Fluoride in Natural Waters

Cited by 289 publications

References 63 publications

Geochemical characterization and evaluation of groundwater suitability for domestic and agricultural utility in semi-arid region of Basara, Telangana State, South India

Geochemical characterization and evaluation of groundwater suitability for domestic and agricultural utility in semi-arid region of Basara, Telangana State, South India

Sources of contaminants and groundwater quality in the coastal part of a river delta

Fluorine: Human Health Risks

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