Fluoride in the diet of 2‐years‐old children

Mier, E. Angeles Martinez; Spencer, Kathryn L.; Sanders, Brian J.; Jones, James E.; Soto-Rojas, Armando E.; Tomlin, Angela M.; Vinson, La Quia A.; Weddell, James A.; Eckert, George J.

doi:10.1111/cdoe.12283

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Results indicate a hypercaloric and hyperproteic diet as the most frequent, which is related to the diet of the evaluated provinces (27), where fluorosis occurred in different degrees (28), with specific clinical manifestations (25). High levels of fluoride were not observed, which could be considered beneficial to the teeth (28); however, it is necessary to perform control processes of the composition of certain foods (24), as well as the involuntary intake of hygiene products (26), which could be related to the presence of the detected fluorosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Regarding appropriate oral hygiene habits, one of the most important to maintain oral health is tooth brushing plus toothpaste; however, it could be the most determinant cause of the presence of fluorosis (26), as detected in the study, especially considering the fact that children started brushing their teeth with fluoride toothpaste for adults. 1450 mg / L of fluoride (27), with unmonitored and unregulated amount of toothpaste (11,23), is reflected in the correlation value of 0.162 detected, especially when considering that toothpastes marketed in the Ecuador have a percentage of fluorine that exceeds 1000 ppm which is beneficial from the preventive and protective point of view; however, it would be worth analyzing the amount used to confirm this association with the fluorosis detected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors associated with dental fluorosis in three zones of Ecuador

Vega¹,

González-Martínez²,

Rivera-Martínez³

et al. 2019

J Clin Exp Dent

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Background: To determine the prevalence of dental fluorosis in 10-12 year-old school children, in three provinces of the inter-andean Region of Ecuador: Imbabura, Pichincha and Chimborazo, as well as the relationship between certain factors, considering that the latest studies go back to the year 2009. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional and observational study was proposed. A sample of 599 was calculated at 95% of confidence considering population projections for children between 10 and 12 old of three zones of Ecuador. However, 608 school children, who had the acceptance and informed consent of their parents to participate, completed a survey about factors associated with dental fluorosis. Once the survey was completed, the vestibular surfaces of the upper and lower anterior teeth of the infant were photographed, following standardized distance and light procedures. Three evaluators, trained in the detection of fluorosis using the Thylstrup and Fejerskov index, analyzed the photographs. The Stata 13.0 software was used for the statistical analysis, with a level of significance of 5% and with a confidence interval of 95%. To relate the risk factor of fluorosis, a multinomial logistic model was used. Results: The prevalence of dental fluorosis was of 89.96%, with a greater presence of grade 2 TF. A positive statistical relationship and statistical significance was detected between dental fluorosis and consumption of bottled beverages. Also the amount of toothpaste used and its ingestion during brushing (p = 0.000) were analyzed. Conclusions: The populations evaluated, that are related to the consumption of bottled beverages and involuntary toothpaste ingestion, and have a high prevalence of a mild level of fluorosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with dental fluorosis in three zones of Ecuador

Vega¹,

González-Martínez²,

Rivera-Martínez³

et al. 2019

J Clin Exp Dent

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“…The wide range of F content within food and beverage groups verified in the UK fluoride database [ 34 ], in several Brazilian studies [ 20 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ] and in a recent study in the US [ 21 ] accentuates the need for comprehensive F labeling of foods and beverages, especially those that are frequently consumed by infants and young children. Monitoring F intake can be challenging and labor-intensive, requiring the assessment of F ingestion from both diet and toothpaste.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, studies have indicated changes in children’s eating patterns over the last three decades [ 3 , 20 ]. This may have been attributed to the consumption of different types of food, perhaps due to more industrialized options, as well as to different methods of analyzing the F that is present in the products that are more commonly available in the market [ 21 , 22 ]. Currently, it is observed that in different age groups, children are exposed to distinct sources of F, but there are only a few studies that report the risk-benefit relationship of F intake through consumption of foods and beverages [ 9 , 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimated Dietary Fluoride Intake by 24-Month-Olds from Chocolate Bars, Cookies, Infant Cereals, and Chocolate Drinks in Brazil

Araújo

Moraes

Carvalho

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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The use of fluoride (F) in the prevention of dental caries is established. However, a high amount of F intake during tooth development can cause dental fluorosis The aim of this study was to analyze variations in F concentrations in chocolate bars (CB), chocolate cookies (CC), infant cereals (IC), and chocolate milk drinks (CD) to determine the daily intake of F from different sources by children at the age of risk for developing dental fluorosis. Distinct brands of CB, CC, IC, and CD were analyzed. Fluoride was separated by hexamethyldisiloxane-facilitated diffusion. Analysis was made in triplicate with an F ion-specific electrode. F ingestion (mg/kg body weight) was evaluated with the suggested consumption (0.05–0.07 mg/kg/day) for children aged 24 months (12 kg). The concentrations for all the analyzed products ranged from 0.025 to 1.827 µg/g F. The mean (range) F concentrations were CB= 0.210 ± 0.205 µg/g (0.073–0.698, n = 8), CC = 0.366 ± 0.416 µg/g (0.320–1.827, n = 9), IC = 0.422 ± 0.395 µg/g (0.073–1.061, n = 5), and CD = 0.169 ± 0.170 µg/mL (0.025–0.443, n = 12). The products that had the highest concentration in the categories CB, CC, IC, and CD, respectively, were Nescau-Ball (0.698 µg/g), Passatempo (1.827 µg/g), Milnutri (1.061 µg/g), and Toddynho (0.443 µg/mL). The consumption of only one unit of Toddynho (CD) is equivalent to more than 11% of the maximum suggested daily intake for a 24-month-old child (0.07 mg/kg body weight). When one product from each category is consumed together only once a day, this consumption is equivalent to approximately 24% of the suggested daily intake of fluoride for a 24-month-old child. The presence of high levels of fluoride in certain products suggests that they play a significant role in overall fluoride intake. It is crucial to closely monitor the fluoride content of food and drinks that are consumed by children who are at risk for dental fluorosis, and for product labels to clearly display the fluoride concentrations.

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“…58,239,240 The cases reported include also more cases of moderate-to-severe fluorosis. 58,[239][240][241] One of the possible reasons might be that fluoride appears to be more readily available for consumption nowadays during the critical window when enamel is most susceptible to fluorosis. 240…”

Section: Fluoride Intake In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoride in Human Health and Nutrition

Štepec

Ponikvar‐Svet

2019

ACSi

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Fluorine is in the form of fluorides ubiquitous in nature and as such an inevitable part of our environment. In small amounts, it is known to have beneficial effects on dental health. On the other hand, excessive chronic intakes can result in adverse effects including the development of dental fluorosis in children and/or skeletal fluorosis in both children and adults. The adequate intake has been set, based on empirical observations, at 0.05 mg/day/kg body weight however, the threshold between beneficial and harmful effects is narrow. Despite numerous studies, knowledge on the fluoride toxicity is still relatively poor. In this review, the role and the effects of fluoride on human health are enlightened. Some of the fluoride controversies are discussed and future research directions suggested.

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Fluoride in the diet of 2‐years‐old children

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Factors associated with dental fluorosis in three zones of Ecuador

Factors associated with dental fluorosis in three zones of Ecuador

Estimated Dietary Fluoride Intake by 24-Month-Olds from Chocolate Bars, Cookies, Infant Cereals, and Chocolate Drinks in Brazil

Fluoride in Human Health and Nutrition

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