Fluoride-Induced Expression of Neuroinflammatory Markers and Neurophysiological Regulation in the Brain of Wistar Rat Model

Reddy, Yugandhar P.; Tiwari, Santosh Kumar; Tomar, Lomas K.; Desai, Nalini; Sharma, Varun

doi:10.1007/s12011-020-02362-x

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Rats that have been chronically exposed to sodium fluoride exhibited higher expression of cyclooxygenase COX2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and heat shock protein-70 (HSP-70), which act as markers of neuroinflammation. This relationship appeared to be dose dependent [ 20 ]. Additional rat data have indicated that cyclooxygenases, including COX1 and COX2, were reduced in the brains of rats that had been subject to chronic fluoride exposure.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fluoride consumption may also impact neurotransmitter levels [ 20 ]. Serotonin levels have been shown to significantly increase in the brains of rats following fluoride exposure Notably, between 60–100 ppm of NaF, increases in serotonin have been observed at an above dose-dependent level.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glutamate and histamine levels have been shown to increase as well, while acetylcholine and dopamine levels have been shown to decrease. Irregularities in neuroanatomy such as swollen mitochondria, disrupted myelin sheaths, enlarged axons, and vacuolated Schwann cells have been exhibited by rats [ 20 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within the fields of fluoride neurotoxicity, mitochondrial function, and environmental factors on mental health, there are several notable gaps in the available literature. A significant amount of literature exists on the effects of fluoride compounds on cognition [ 4 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 20 , 58 , 64 ]. However, the impact of this chemical on mental health has been studied less widely.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While factors such as genetics and iodine levels in the body may impact the potency of exposure impacts [ 11 , 13 ], more research is needed to determine exactly what leads to susceptibility. Several published articles have postulated that fluoride could be producing alterations in mitochondrial DNA; mitochondrial DNA has many implications in various mental disorders [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impacts of Fluoride Neurotoxicity and Mitochondrial Dysfunction on Cognition and Mental Health: A Literature Review

Adkins

Brunst

2021

IJERPH

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This review focuses on the synthesis of current experimental and observational data regarding the effect of fluoride exposure on childhood mental health and the role of mitochondrial function as a mechanism of action. We aggregated data on the relationships between fluoride neurotoxicity, mitochondrial function, and cognitive and mental health using PubMed. Current animal and human research suggest that prenatal and perinatal fluoride exposure might have neurotoxic effects. These studies observed physical changes (fur loss and delayed reflex development in animals), intelligence loss, increased hyperactivity, and irregular moods associated with fluoride exposure. Two gaps in the literature were identified: (1) there is limited research on the mental and emotional impacts of fluoride exposure compared to research on cognitive outcomes, and (2) human studies primarily focus on prenatal and perinatal exposure, with little research conducted at other time points (e.g., adolescence). Furthermore, there is no agreed-upon mechanism for the neurotoxic effects of fluoride; however, fluoride can induce mitochondrial damage, including decreasing circulating mitochondrial DNA content, dysregulating biogenesis, and circular structure loss. Additionally, many neurodevelopmental conditions have mitochondrial underpinnings. More work is needed to elucidate the impact and timing of fluoride exposure on mental health and the role of mitochondrial function as a biological mechanism

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%