dynamically heated bone, lattice parameters.Understanding the chemical changes within bone during heat treatment has become essential within many fields including biomaterials, archaeology and forensic science. All current approaches report the systematic heating and cooling of bone specimens (a 'static' approach). These provide information on modifications to mineral structure and chemistry including recrystallisation and thermal decomposition from bone specimens cooled to room temperature. In order to understand these fundamental processes further, we adopted, for the first time, a dynamic heating protocol coupled to an X-ray diffraction probe, which provides in situ analysis at temperature. This approach allows physico-chemical processes to be observed at elevated temperatures for five different bone types: bovine, porcine, human, rostrum and red deer antler. The results, when compared to static heating studies, illustrate individually the effects of heating and cooling upon bone mineral. On heating, the onset of recrystallisation occurs rapidly over a short temperature range for all bone types. It is proposed the continued growth of the hydroxyapatite crystals is limited by the mineral to organic ratio. Investigation of the lattice parameters has also indicated significant differences between the bone types, suggesting species differentiation is possible using X-ray diffraction analysis. Statistical analysis of the 'a' axis lattice parameter data revealed human bone is distinguishable from the other bone types.