Preparation and characterization of fluorinated porcine hydroxyapatite

Abstract

Simple chemical and thermal treatments were applied to prepare fluorinated porcine hydroxyapatite (FPHA). Morphology of FPHA was observed using SEM. Physiochemical characteristics, namely crystalline phase, chemical composition, functional groups, and binding energy of fluorine were investigated using XRD, EDX, FTIR, and XPS respectively. Concentration of free fluoride ion released from FPHA in HCl solution (pH 3.0-4.0) was detected using a fluoride ion concentration meter. SEM, XPS, XRD, and FTIR results confirmed the fluorination of porcine hydroxyapatite (PHA). Significant crystal morphological difference was observed between PHA and FPHA. Concentration of free fluoride ion released from FPHA increased with rising concentration of immersion solution and length of immersion period. Fluoride was successfully incorporated into PHA by chemical and thermal processes in this study. Fluoride incorporation rate into PHA was a strong function of the fluorine concentration in the immersion solution.

Effects of fluoridation of porcine hydroxyapatite on osteoblastic activity of human MG63 cells

“…The XRD signatures of PHA and FPHA (figure 1(a)) were in agreement with the stoichiometric reference HA pattern (JCPDS72-1243), indicating that PHA and FPHA were crystallized in the pure phase [22]. FPHA reflection peaks shifted toward higher diffraction angles with the increase in the level of fluoridation (figure 1(b)).…”

“…The results confirmed the successful incorporation of fluoride into the lattice structure of this porcine hydroxyapatite (PHA) [22]. However, physiochemical properties are only part of the story for this novel biomaterial.…”

“…Biological HA was obtained from porcine bone, and fluoridation was performed to fabricate fluorinated porcine hydroxyapatite (FPHA) by means of a straightforward chemical and thermal treatment used in our previous study [22]. The results confirmed the successful incorporation of fluoride into the lattice structure of this porcine hydroxyapatite (PHA) [22].…”

“…In particular, functional groups (1058 cm −1 and 569 cm −1 ), hydroxyls (OH, 631 cm −1 and 3573 cm −1 ), and (1415 cm −1 and 1477 cm −1 ) [22] were identified by FTIR (figure 2(a)). Fluoride substituted for OH in the crystal structure of PHA after sodium fluoride immersion, and further thermal treatment was also confirmed: only one single band at 3573 cm −1 attributed to OH was identified for PHA.…”

“…FPHA preparation consisted of two steps as described in our previous study [22]: PHA preparation and fluoride substitution. Briefly, PHA was prepared from cancellous porcine bone.…”