Fluorinated Compounds in North American Cosmetics

Whitehead, Heather D.; Venier, Marta; Wu, Yan; Eastman, Emi; Urbanik, Shannon; Diamond, Miriam L.; Shalin, Anna; Schwartz-Narbonne, Heather; Bruton, Thomas A.; Blum, Arlene; Wang, Zhanyun; Green, Megan; Tighe, Meghanne; Wilkinson, John; McGuinness, Sean; Peaslee, Graham F.

doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.1c00240

Cited by 168 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…42 High concentrations of PFCAs (up to 9220 ng/g) and PAPs (up to 405 μg/g) have been found in personal care products in Sweden, 42 and high PFAS concentrations in personal care products have been reported elsewhere as well. 43,44 As PAPs are PFCA precursors, they could be metabolized and the intermediates would contribute to the UOF fraction. Dermal uptake of PFAS could be plausible as demonstrated by Franko and co-authors for PFOA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organofluorine Mass Balance Analysis of Whole Blood Samples in Relation to Gender and Age

Aro

Eriksson

Kärrman

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Studies have highlighted the increasing fraction of unidentified organofluorine (UOF) compounds in human blood, whose health effects are not known. In this study, 130 whole blood samples from the Swedish general population were analyzed for extractable organofluorine (EOF) and selected per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Organofluorine mass balance analysis revealed that 60% (0−99%) of the EOF in female samples could not be explained by the 63 monitored PFAS; in males, 41% (0−93%) of the EOF was of unidentified origin. Significant differences between both age groups and gender were seen, with the highest fraction of UOF in young females (70% UOF, aged 18−44), which is contrary to what has been reported in the literature for commonly monitored compounds (e.g., perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, PFOS). Increasing the number of monitored PFAS did not lead to a large decrease of the UOF fraction; the seven highest PFAS (C8−C11 PFCAs, C6−C8 PFSAs) accounted for 98% of sum 63 PFAS. The high fraction of UOF in human samples is of concern, as the chemical species of these organofluorine compounds remain unknown and thus their potential health risks cannot be assessed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organofluorine Mass Balance Analysis of Whole Blood Samples in Relation to Gender and Age

Aro

Eriksson

Kärrman

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Also, a wide variety of industrial compounds such as benzotriazole, dibenzylamine, tributyl phosphate, triphenylphospine oxide, benzothiazole derivatives, or the flame retardant tris(chloropropyl)phosphate were identified. Six PFAS (for which various routes of exposure have been recognized , ) were found at low levels in both matrices, except for PFOS, where concentrations up to 34 ng/g were detected in the placenta.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential of Sewage Sludge to Predict and Evaluate the Human Chemical Exposome

Gil-Solsona

Nika

Villanueva

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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Chemicals are part of our daily lives, and we are exposed to numerous chemicals through multiple pathways. Relevant scientific evidence contributing to the regulation of hazardous chemicals require a holistic approach to assess simultaneous exposure to multiple compounds. Biomonitoring provides an accurate estimation of exposure to chemicals through very complex and costly sampling campaigns. Finding efficient proxies to predict the risk of chemical exposure in humans is an urgent need to cover large areas and populations at a reasonable cost. We conducted an exploratory study to characterize the human chemical exposome in maternal blood and placenta samples of a population-based birth cohort in Barcelona (2018–2021). Ultimate HRMS-based approaches were applied including wide-scope target, suspect, and nontarget screening. Forty-two chemicals were identified including pesticides, personal care products, or industrial compounds, among others, in the range of ng/mL and ng/g. In parallel, sewage sludge from the wastewater treatment plants serving the residence areas of the studied population were also screened, showing correlations with the type and concentrations of chemicals found in humans. Our findings were suggestive for the potential use of sewage sludge as a proxy of the human exposure and its application in early warning systems to prevent bioaccumulation of hazardous chemicals.

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“…Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) make up a class of more than 4700 anthropogenic compounds with extremely strong C–F bonds that were first synthesized in the 1930s. Due to their unique properties (e.g., oil and water repellency, temperature and acid resistance, and friction reduction), they have been frequently used in many household and industrial products globally for decades .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Statewide Spatiotemporal Stream Assessment of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in an Agricultural Region of the United States

Kolpin

Hubbard

Cwiertny

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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Public concern regarding per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has grown substantially in recent years. In addition, research has documented multiple potential agriculture-related release pathways for PFAS (e.g., biosolids and livestock manure). Nevertheless, little research on the environmental prevalence of PFAS has been conducted in agricultural regions of the United States. To fill this gap, we conducted the first statewide spatiotemporal assessment of PFAS in Iowa streams across a region of intense agricultural activity. At least one PFAS was detected at 19 of the 60 stream sites sampled (32%) with 10 different PFAS detected statewide. The number of PFAS detected in the stream samples ranged from one to nine. While PFAS were detected in agricultural streams, sites with the most PFAS detected and in the highest concentration were small, effluent-affected streams where wastewater treatment plant discharge is driving stream PFAS concentrations. No individual PFAS had an exposure:activity ratio (EAR) of >1.0 (exposure concentration shown to trigger observed adverse biological activity). Five stream locations, however, had at least one EAR of >0.001, a precautionary effect screening threshold. Additional targeted temporal sampling would be beneficial to specifically capture potential agricultural source applications and corresponding runoff conditions to fully characterize the prevalence of PFAS in such agricultural systems.

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Fluorinated Compounds in North American Cosmetics

Cited by 168 publications

References 24 publications

Organofluorine Mass Balance Analysis of Whole Blood Samples in Relation to Gender and Age

Organofluorine Mass Balance Analysis of Whole Blood Samples in Relation to Gender and Age

The Potential of Sewage Sludge to Predict and Evaluate the Human Chemical Exposome

A Comprehensive Statewide Spatiotemporal Stream Assessment of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in an Agricultural Region of the United States

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