Fluorinated microemulsions as reaction media for fluorous nanoparticles

Hollamby, Martin J.; Eastoe, Julian; Mutch, Kevin J.; Rogers, Sarah E.; Heenan, Richard K.

doi:10.1039/b922260j

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Consequently, one of the more common uses of SANS is for the characterisation of aggregate structures of surfactants, [37][38][39][40][41] block copolymers 42,43 or asphaltenes 44,45 in deuterated solvents. Ternary systems such as emulsions, 46 microemulsions [47][48][49][50][51] and liposomes 33,52,53 are also investigated, for a variety of purposes including mustard gas decontamination, 50 art restoration, 51 and drug delivery. 33 In this case, selective deuteration of the different components is frequently used to obtain a more detailed structural picture, as highlighted in Fig.…”

Section: Amphiphilic Self-assemblymentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical applications of small-angle neutron scattering

Hollamby

2013

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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125

116

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Recent improvements in beam-line accessibility and technology have led to small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) becoming more frequently applied to materials problems. SANS has been used to study the assembly, dispersion, alignment and mixing of nanoscale condensed matter, as well as to characterise the internal structure of organic thin films, porous structures and inclusions within steel.Using time-resolved SANS, growth mechanisms in materials systems and soft matter phase transitions can also be explored. This review is intended for newcomers to SANS as well as experts. Therefore, the basic knowledge required for its use is first summarised. After this introduction, various examples are given of the types of soft and hard matter that have been studied by SANS. The information that can be extracted from the data is highlighted, alongside the methods used to obtain it. In addition to presenting the findings, explanations are provided on how the SANS measurements were optimised, such as the use of contrast variation to highlight specific parts of a structure. Emphasis is placed on the use of complementary techniques to improve data quality (e.g. using other scattering methods) and the accuracy of data analysis (e.g. using microscopy to separately determine shape and size). This is done with a view to providing guidance on how best to design and analyse future SANS measurements on materials not listed below.

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Section: Amphiphilic Self-assemblymentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical applications of small-angle neutron scattering

Hollamby

2013

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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125

116

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“…1 In addition, their oen advantageous demixing from hydrocarbons 3 has made them of great interest in polymer chemistry 4 and particle synthesis. 5 However, these same properties also present some signicant disadvantages to their use: they tend to be more challenging and expensive to synthesis 6 and extremely environmentally persistent 7 (as strikingly few microorganisms can digest them), making control of their usage and disposal an important consideration. Thus, the fundamental exploration of the physical basis why uorinated materials exhibit their unique and useful properties is important, such that we can design environmentally-benign alternatives with the same characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorinated lamellar phases: structural characterisation and use as templates for highly ordered silica materials

Pottage

Kusuma

Grillo³

et al. 2014

Soft Matter

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Highly ordered silica was synthesised by using a lamellar phase comprising the anionic fluorinated surfactant sodium perfluorooctanoate and the partially-fluorinated co-surfactant/oil 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctan-1-ol in water. The phase behaviour of this system was thoroughly analysed, and it was found that even low levels of the alcohol (<0.5 mol%) were sufficient to induce a phase change from normal micelles to a lamellar phase, rationalised as a result of geometric and electrostatic effects. The properties of these phases were compared to their hydrocarbon analogues, demonstrating the unique and valuable properties exhibited by fluorocarbons, directly related with the observed nanostructure. Small-angle neutron scattering was used to analyse the internal structure of the systems, providing information on the inter-lamellar spacing, bilayer thickness and membrane elasticity. The potential for these phases to act as shear-thinning lubricants was assessed using oscillatory rheology, obtaining shear-dependent viscosity along with storage and loss moduli.

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“…Conventionally, the most important strategy for the synthesis of FPNPs relies on a free radical polymerization mechanism, which is compatible with water and has been largely employed in industry. A variety of synthetic techniques, such as emulsion polymerization, mini-emulsion polymerization, microemulsion polymerization, and polymerization in supercritical fluids, have been developed to afford FPNPs of different morphologies, sizes, and compositions, as well as FPNP-based mixtures (e.g., emulsions) of desirable formulations, concentrations, and other features through free radical processes. − Fluorinated monomers including semifluorinated (meth)acrylates, tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), vinylidene fluoride (VDF), and trifluoroethylene (TrFE) have been successfully adopted to yield FPNPs in water and organic solvents. FPNPs of different types have also been engineered to broaden their application scope. , For example, people have synthesized matrix particles, whose entire compositions are almost the same fluoropolymers, and core–shell particles that contain nonfluorinated and fluorinated polymers, simultaneously. ,,− However, free radical polymerizations lack control over chain growth, frequently yielding polymers of unpredictable chain lengths and broad dispersities, and are difficult to approach polymer sequences and topologies of increased complexity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoropolymer Nanoparticles Synthesized via Reversible-Deactivation Radical Polymerizations and Their Applications

Zhang,

Chen,

Ameduri

et al. 2023

Chem. Rev.

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Fluorinated polymeric nanoparticles (FPNPs) combine unique properties of fluorocarbon and polymeric nanoparticles, which has stimulated massive interest for decades. However, fluoropolymers are not readily available from nature, resulting in synthetic developments to obtain FPNPs via free radical polymerizations. Recently, while increasing cutting-edge directions demand tailored FPNPs, such materials have been difficult to access via conventional approaches. Reversible-deactivation radical polymerizations (RDRPs) are powerful methods to afford well-defined polymers. Researchers have applied RDRPs to the fabrication of FPNPs, enabling the construction of particles with improved complexity in terms of structure, composition, morphology, and functionality. Related examples can be classified into three categories. First, well-defined fluoropolymers synthesized via RDRPs have been utilized as precursors to form FPNPs through self-folding and solution self-assembly. Second, thermally and photoinitiated RDRPs have been explored to realize in situ preparations of FPNPs with varied morphologies via polymerizationinduced self-assembly and cross-linking copolymerization. Third, grafting from inorganic nanoparticles has been investigated based on RDRPs. Importantly, those advancements have promoted studies toward promising applications, including magnetic resonance imaging, biomedical delivery, energy storage, adsorption of perfluorinated alkyl substances, photosensitizers, and so on. This Review should present useful knowledge to researchers in polymer science and nanomaterials and inspire innovative ideas for the synthesis and applications of FPNPs.

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Fluorinated microemulsions as reaction media for fluorous nanoparticles

Cited by 8 publications

References 43 publications

Practical applications of small-angle neutron scattering

Practical applications of small-angle neutron scattering

Fluorinated lamellar phases: structural characterisation and use as templates for highly ordered silica materials

Fluoropolymer Nanoparticles Synthesized via Reversible-Deactivation Radical Polymerizations and Their Applications

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