The passivation consists of three steps, that is, the baking process, the direct fluoridation and the thermal modification process. Each of the steps was evaluated in terms of surface flatness, chemical composition and structure. The optimum conditions for the fluorine passivation technology of 316L stainless steel are described. The direct fluoridation products formed at the temperature of 320°C or lower have the single-phase composition of FeF,, while those which were formed at the temperatures of 330°C or higher have the compoundphase composition with FeFz and FeF,. At certain critical temperature (400°C for 316L stainless steel) of the thermal modification, FeF, is converted to FeF, and disappears completely as the temperature rises. Meanwhile CrF, is formed at certain temperature (440°C for 316L stainless steel). The compoundphase composition gets further crystallized as the thermal modification temperature rises. As the crystal growth induces the cracks on the fluoridated film, it is very difficult to form a satisfactory passivation film from the compound-phase composition by thermal modification. It is confirmed that excellent passivation film has been obtained from the single-phase composition by the optimum fluoridation following the optimum thermal modification.