Fluoro-green and fluoro-red: two new fluorescent retrograde tracers with a number of unique properties

Dong, Kai; Qu, Tingyu; Ahmed, Farid; Zhang, Lixin; Yamada, Koshi; Guison, Noel G.; Miller, Mary; Yamadori, Takashi

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(96)00654-3

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…An essential requirement in our experiments was that the labelings were not due to tracer diffusion to the adjacent structures. The use of biocytin, BDA, gold-HRP, FR, and FG as tracers is appropriate, because they spread very little from the focal injection site (Ménétrey, 1985;Rajakumar et al, 1993;Dong et al, 1996;Kolmac and Mitrofanis, 1997). In all of our experiments, anterograde and retrograde tracing methods give concordant information.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Trigeminal projections to hypoglossal and facial motor nuclei in the rat

Pinganaud¹,

Bernat²,

Buisseret

et al. 1999

J. Comp. Neurol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…FG and FR are emulsions of fluorescent dyes kindly supplied by the Tombow Pencil Co., Tokyo, Japon (Dong et al, 1996). FG or FR was pressure injected through a micropipette connected to a 1-µl Hamilton syringe (0.05-0.1 µl).…”

Section: Injections and Histologic Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trigeminal projections to hypoglossal and facial motor nuclei in the rat

Pinganaud¹,

Bernat²,

Buisseret

et al. 1999

J. Comp. Neurol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…To fluorescently label VTA-NAcc projections, rats were anesthetized with intraperitoneal injections of 100 mg/kg ketamine and 10 mg/kg xylazine. Bilateral stereotaxic NAcc injections of 0.25 l of Fluoro-red dye (Dong et al, 1996) were performed using the following bregma coordinates: anteroposterior, ϩ3.4; lateral, ϩ2.8; dorsoventral, Ϫ8.1, angle 10°off the vertical (Paxinos and Watson, 1998). The animals are allowed to recover for a minimum of 96 h before anatomical investigation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Nicotinic Receptor Function and Drug Abuse Vulnerability

Fagen¹,

Mitchum²,

Vezina³

et al. 2007

J. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In animals and humans, vulnerability to drug abuse varies among individuals. Animals that display high activity levels in a novel environment are more likely to self-administer psychostimulant drugs, including nicotine, cocaine, amphetamine, and morphine. Recent reports from behavioral studies indicate that nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) activity contributes to the rewarding effects of several different addictive drugs. Thus, we hypothesized that differences in nAChR activity may contribute to the predisposition to drug self-administration. After screening of adult rats (Ͼ60 d postnatal) for the behavioral response to a novel environment, electrophysiological measures of nAChR function were conducted in brain slices that included the mesoaccumbens dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA). We found a positive correlation between the response to novelty and nAChR function in each assay conducted, including nAChR modulation of glutamatergic and GABAergic synaptic inputs to VTA dopamine neurons, as well as somatic nAChR responses of VTA neurons. The response to novelty and sensitivity to addictive drugs are positively correlated with the hormonal response to stress. Consistent with this observation, we found enhanced nAChR responses in vitro after a 48 h corticosterone treatment and in vivo after 48 h of repeated stress. Each of these effects was inhibited by RU486 (11␤-[p-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-17␤-hydroxy-17-(1-propynyl)estra-4,9-dien-3-one) pretreatment, suggesting a steroid hormone receptor-dependent process. These findings suggest that differences in nAChR function within the mesoaccumbens dopamine system may contribute to individual differences in drug abuse vulnerability and that these are likely attributable to differences in stress hormone levels.

show abstract

“…To fluorescently label DRN-NAc projections, rats were anesthetized with intraperitoneal injections of 100 mg/kg ketamine (Fort Dodge Animal Health, Fort Dodge, IA) and 10 mg/kg xylazine (Ben Venue Laboratories, Bedford, OH). Bilateral stereotaxic (David Kopf Instruments, Tujunga, CA) NAc injections of 0.25 l of Fluoro-Red dye (Tombow Pencil, Tokyo, Japan) (Dong et al 1996;Suzuki et al 2004) were performed with bregma coordinates A/P: ϩ1.5, L: ϩ2.6, D/V: Ϫ8.1, angle 10°off the vertical (Paxinos and Watson 1998). The animals were allowed to recover for a minimum of 96 h before anatomic or electrophysiological investigation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotinic excitation of serotonergic projections from dorsal raphe to the nucleus accumbens

Chang¹,

Daniele²,

Gallagher³

et al. 2011

Journal of Neurophysiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

McGehee DS. Nicotinic excitation of serotonergic projections from dorsal raphe to the nucleus accumbens. J Neurophysiol 106: 801-808, 2011. First published May 18, 2011 doi:10.1152/jn.00575.2010.-Tobacco use is a major public health problem, and although many smokers report that they want to quit, only a small percentage succeed. Side effects associated with nicotine withdrawal, including depression, anxiety, and restlessness, certainly contribute to the low success rate. The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) is a serotonergic center with many functions, including control of mood and emotional state. We investigated the effect of nicotine on DRN neurons that project to the nucleus accumbens (NAc), an area involved in reward-related behaviors. Using a retrograde labeling method, we found that 75% of DRN-NAc projection neurons are serotonergic. In coronal slices that include the DRN, whole cell recordings were conducted on neurons identified by fluorescent backlabeling from NAc or randomly selected within the nucleus. Nicotine increased action potential firing rates in a subset of DRN neurons. Voltage-clamp recording revealed nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated inward currents that contribute to the nicotineinduced excitation. Nicotinic receptors also indirectly affect excitability by modulating synaptic inputs to these neurons. Nicotine enhanced excitatory glutamatergic inputs to a subset of DRN-NAc projection neurons, while inhibitory ␥-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic inputs were modulated either positively or negatively in a subset of these neurons. The net effect of nAChR activation is enhancement of serotonergic output from DRN to the NAc, which may contribute to the effects of nicotine on mood and affect. nicotine; dorsal raphe nucleus; addiction; serotonin; nicotine withdrawal

show abstract

Fluoro-green and fluoro-red: two new fluorescent retrograde tracers with a number of unique properties

Cited by 17 publications

References 19 publications

Trigeminal projections to hypoglossal and facial motor nuclei in the rat

Trigeminal projections to hypoglossal and facial motor nuclei in the rat

Enhanced Nicotinic Receptor Function and Drug Abuse Vulnerability

Nicotinic excitation of serotonergic projections from dorsal raphe to the nucleus accumbens

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About