Fluoroquinolone sales in food animals and quinolone resistance in non-typhoidal Salmonella from retail meats: United States, 2009–2018

Yin, Xin; Dudley, Edward G.; Pinto, Casey N.; M’ikanatha, Nkuchia M.

doi:10.1016/j.jgar.2022.03.005

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Resistance to ciprofloxacin, a first-line antimicrobial agent for the treatment of non-typhoidal Salmonella in humans, was observed at lower levels (1.2%) than those noticed in pigs in the EU (10.3%; [46]), and at much lower levels than those recently observed in Italy (60.7%; [53]). This type of resistance in Salmonella has been related to fluoroquinolone consumption in food-producing animals [54,55]; thus this reduction may be related to a decreasing trend in its use, as the last European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimicrobial Consumption (ESVAC) report on sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents suggests [56].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salmonella Shedding in Slaughter Pigs and the Use of Esterified Formic Acid in the Drinking Water as a Potential Abattoir-Based Mitigation Measure

Bernad-Roche

Casanova-Higes

Marín-Alcalá

et al. 2022

Animals

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Pigs shedding Salmonella at slaughter are considered a source of carcass contamination and human infection. To assess this potential risk, the proportion of Salmonella shedders that arrive for slaughter was evaluated in a population of 1068 pigs from 24 farms. Shedding was present in 27.3% of the pigs, and the monophasic variant of Salmonella Typhimurium, an emerging zoonotic serotype, was the most prevalent (46.9%). Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Salmonella isolates was common, but few isolates showed AMR to antimicrobials of critical importance for humans such as third-generation cephalosporins (5%), colistin (0%), or carbapenems (0%). However, AMR to tigecycline was moderately high (15%). The efficacy of an esterified formic acid in the lairage drinking water (3 kg formic acid/1000 L) was also assessed as a potential abattoir-based strategy to reduce Salmonella shedding. It was able to reduce the proportion of shedders (60.7% in the control group (CG) vs. 44.3% in the treatment group (TG); p < 0.01). After considering clustering and confounding factors, the odds of shedding Salmonella in the CG were 2.75 (95% CI = 1.80–4.21) times higher than those of the TG, suggesting a potential efficacy of reduction in shedding as high as 63.6%. This strategy may contribute to mitigating the burden of abattoir environmental contamination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salmonella Shedding in Slaughter Pigs and the Use of Esterified Formic Acid in the Drinking Water as a Potential Abattoir-Based Mitigation Measure

Bernad-Roche

Casanova-Higes

Marín-Alcalá

et al. 2022

Animals

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“…Our analysis indicated low to no resistance to these antimicrobials. However, recent documentation has shown increasing resistance against both classes of antimicrobials among Salmonella serovars recovered from animal and human sources [ 37 , 38 ]. Similarly, high resistance against doxycycline following ampicillin was expected due to its extensive use in animals, owing to its low toxicity and affordability, as reported by Galarce et al [ 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Retrospective Analysis of Salmonella Isolates across 11 Animal Species (1982–1999) Led to the First Identification of Chromosomally Encoded blaSCO-1 in the USA

Iduu,

Raiford,

Conley

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in non-typhoidal Salmonella is a pressing public health concern in the United States, necessitating continuous surveillance. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 251 Salmonella isolates from 11 animal species recovered between 1982 and 1999, utilizing serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Phenotypic resistance was observed in 101 isolates, with S. Typhimurium, S. Dublin, S. Agona, and S. Muenster prevailing among 36 identified serovars. Notably, resistance to 12 of 17 antibiotics was detected, with ampicillin being most prevalent (79/251). We identified 38 resistance genes, primarily mediating aminoglycoside (n = 13) and β-lactamase (n = 6) resistance. Plasmid analysis unveiled nine distinct plasmids associated with AMR genes in these isolates. Chromosomally encoded blaSCO-1 was present in three S. Typhimurium and two S. Muenster isolates from equine samples, conferring resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. Phylogenetic analysis revealed three distinct clusters for these five isolates, indicating evolutionary divergence. This study represents the first report of blaSCO-1 in the USA, and our recovered isolates harboring this gene as early as 1989 precede those of all other reports. The enigmatic nature of blaSCO-1 prompts further research into its function. Our findings highlight the urgency of addressing antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella for effective public health interventions.

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“…The qnr genes comprise five distinct families, each possessing a varying number of alleles, namely qnrA1-7 , qnrS1-4 , qnrB1-31 , qnrC and qnrD . Among these, qnrA , qnrB and qnrS are frequently identified in Salmonella [52 ▪▪ ,53]. As there is an increasing incidence of resistance to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone, azithromycin is regarded as a last resort, Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved antimicrobial agent for the treatment of systemic infections, especially those caused by Shigella spp.…”

Section: Molecular Mechanisms Of Bacterial Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance in Enteric Shigella and nontyphoidal Salmonella: emerging concepts

Yang,

Xiang,

Qiu

2023

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

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Purpose of review The emergence of globally resistant enteric Shigella and nontyphoidal Salmonella strains (NTS) has limited the selection of effective drugs, which has become a major challenge for the treatment of infections. The purpose of this review is to provide the current opinion on the antimicrobial-resistant enteric Shigella and nontyphoidal Salmonella. Recent findings Enteric Shigella and NTS are resistant to almost all classes of antimicrobials in recent years. Those with co-resistance to ciprofloxacin, azithromycin and ceftriaxone, the first-line antibiotics for the treatment of infectious diarrhoea have emerged worldwide. Some of them have caused interregional and international spread by travel, trade, MSM, and polluted water sources. Several strains have even developed resistance to colistin, the last-resort antibiotic used for treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria infections. Summary The drug resistance of enteric Shigella and NTS is largely driven by the use of antibiotics and horizontal gene transfer of mobile genetic elements. These two species show various drug resistance patterns in different regions and serotypes. Hence treatment decisions for Shigella and Salmonella infections need to take into consideration prevalent antimicrobial drug resistance patterns. It is worth noting that the resistance genes such as bla CTX, mph, ermB, qnr and mcr, which can cause resistance to ciprofloxacin, cephalosporin, azithromycin and colistin are widespread because of transmission by IncFII, IncI1, IncI2 and IncB/O/K/Z plasmids. Therefore, continuous global monitoring of resistance in Shigella and Salmonella is imperative.

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Fluoroquinolone sales in food animals and quinolone resistance in non-typhoidal Salmonella from retail meats: United States, 2009–2018

Cited by 14 publications

References 40 publications

Salmonella Shedding in Slaughter Pigs and the Use of Esterified Formic Acid in the Drinking Water as a Potential Abattoir-Based Mitigation Measure

Salmonella Shedding in Slaughter Pigs and the Use of Esterified Formic Acid in the Drinking Water as a Potential Abattoir-Based Mitigation Measure

A Retrospective Analysis of Salmonella Isolates across 11 Animal Species (1982–1999) Led to the First Identification of Chromosomally Encoded blaSCO-1 in the USA

Resistance in Enteric Shigella and nontyphoidal Salmonella: emerging concepts

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