Fluroxypyr-resistant kochia [<i>Bassia scoparia</i> (L.) A.J. Scott] confirmed in Alberta

Geddes, Charles M.; Ostendorf, Teandra E.; Owen, Miss Mallory; Leeson, Julia Y.; Sharpe, Shaun M.; Shirriff, Scott W.; Beckie, Hugh J.

doi:10.1139/cjps-2021-0111

Cited by 17 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…RockyView18 was collected from a wheat field in Rocky View County in 2018 following a farmer report of suspected fluroxypyr resistance. Vulcan17 was collected from a field in Vulcan County during a 2017 survey of herbicide-resistant kochia in Alberta [9,10]. Lethbridge18(S) was a glyphosate-and synthetic auxin-susceptible but ALS inhibitor-resistant control population that was selected and maintained through recurrent population-level increases in the field in Lethbridge County.…”

Section: Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lethbridge18(S) was a glyphosate-and synthetic auxin-susceptible but ALS inhibitor-resistant control population that was selected and maintained through recurrent population-level increases in the field in Lethbridge County. In each field, reproductive biomass was sampled from 10-20 mature plants and combined to create a composite sample representing the kochia population [10][11][12]. The samples were dried at room temperature and threshed by hand under isolated conditions to prevent cross contamination of the kochia seed accessions.…”

Section: Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unique biological characteristics of kochia, including early spring emergence and prolonged emergence periodicity [5], high genetic diversity [6], abiotic-stress tolerance [1], high fecundity, tumbleweed seed dispersal [7], and low innate seed dormancy causing rapid population turnover [8], facilitate its spread and evolution in response to recurrent population stressors such as herbicides. Kochia populations are known to exhibit resistance to up to four herbicide sites-of-action, including photosystem II inhibitors [Weed Science Society of America (WSSA) Group 5], acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors (WSSA group 2), synthetic auxins (WSSA Group 4), and the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase inhibitor glyphosate (WSSA Group 9) [9][10][11][12][13]. In Canada, ALS inhibitor-resistant kochia was reported first in 1988, and glyphosate-resistant kochia in 2011 [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A 2017 survey of Alberta documented resistance to ALS inhibitors, glyphosate, and dicamba (a synthetic auxin herbicide; WSSA Group 4) in 100%, 50%, and 18% of the 305 kochia populations tested, respectively [9]. Further research identified that 13% of these populations were fluroxypyr-resistant (another synthetic auxin herbicide; WSSA Group 4), suggesting that, overall, 28% of the kochia populations tested in Alberta in 2017 were synthetic auxin-resistant, and 16% were triple herbicide-resistant to ALS inhibitors, glyphosate, and at least one synthetic auxin [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wheat Density Alters but Does Not Repress the Expression of a Fluroxypyr-Resistant Kochia (Bassia scoparia) Phenotype

Geddes

Kimmins

2021

Agronomy

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Dose-response experiments for confirmation of herbicide-resistant weeds are almost always conducted using weed monocultures, thereby ignoring the interaction of interspecific plant interference with herbicide efficacy. Controlled-environment dose-response bioassays were conducted using three kochia [Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J. Scott] populations with four spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) densities (0, 200, 400, and 600 plants m−2) to determine how increasing intensity of interspecific plant interference altered the fluroxypyr dose-response relationship of resistant and susceptible kochia. The resistant population exhibited 10.8-, 15.0-, 7.0-, and 8.1-fold resistance to fluroxypyr in the absence of crop interference based on plant survival, biomass fresh weight, and visible control at two and four weeks after application, respectively. Increased wheat densities suppressed fluroxypyr-resistant kochia the greatest, resulting in a linear reduction in the fluroxypyr rate causing 50% plant mortality (LD50) and visible control (ED50) for the resistant but not the susceptible populations. This reduced the expression of fluroxypyr resistance based on kochia plant survival (from 10.8- to 4.3-fold resistance) and visible control (from 8.1- to 4.6-fold resistance) as wheat density increased from 0 to 600 plants m−2. Therefore, enhanced interspecific plant interference caused by increased wheat densities altered but did not repress the expression of fluroxypyr resistance in kochia.

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Section: Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Wheat Density Alters but Does Not Repress the Expression of a Fluroxypyr-Resistant Kochia (Bassia scoparia) Phenotype

Geddes

Kimmins

2021

Agronomy

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“…Plants 2021, 10, 1961 2 of 11 Kochia populations in Canada can exhibit resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors [Herbicide Resistance Action Committee (HRAC) Group 2], synthetic auxins (HRAC Group 4), and glyphosate (HRAC Group 9) [8][9][10][11]. Wild oat has been reported with resistance to acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors (HRAC Group 1), ALS inhibitors, very long chain fatty acid synthesis inhibitors (HRAC Group 15), and protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitors (HRAC Group 14) [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burial Environment Drives Seed Mortality of Kochia (Bassia scoparia), Wild Oat (Avena fatua), and Volunteer Canola (Brassica napus) Irrespective of Crop Species

Geddes

2021

Plants

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Models of weed population demography are critical to understanding the long-term viability of management strategies. The driving factors of weed seedbank persistence are often underrepresented in demographic models due to the cumbersome nature of seedbank research. Simplification of weed seedbank dynamics may induce substantial error in model simulations. A soil bioassay was conducted to determine whether growth of different crop species, including wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), canola (Brassica napus L.), and field pea (Pisum sativum L.), differentially impact seed mortality of kochia [Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J. Scott], wild oat (Avena fatua L.), and volunteer canola in seven burial environments in western Canada. Weed seed survival after the 7 week burial period varied widely among burial environments (from 8% to 88% when averaged among weed and crop species), whereas growth of the different crop species had negligible impact on seedbank persistence. Among environments, wild oat seed survived the greatest (79%), followed by kochia (20%), and volunteer canola (6%). Weed seed survival was associated with soil physical properties (texture) and seed microsite characteristics (temperature), but not crop species or soil chemical properties. Overall, these data support the need for greater integration of soil and environmental parameters into models of weed population demography.

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Enhanced metabolic detoxification is associated with fluroxypyr resistance in Bassia scoparia

Todd,

Patterson,

Westra

et al. 2024

Plant Direct

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Auxin‐mimic herbicides chemically mimic the phytohormone indole‐3‐acetic‐acid (IAA). Within the auxin‐mimic herbicide class, the herbicide fluroxypyr has been extensively used to control kochia (Bassia scoparia). A 2014 field survey for herbicide resistance in kochia populations across Colorado identified a putative fluroxypyr‐resistant (Flur‐R) population that was assessed for response to fluroxypyr and dicamba (auxin‐mimics), atrazine (photosystem II inhibitor), glyphosate (EPSPS inhibitor), and chlorsulfuron (acetolactate synthase inhibitor). This population was resistant to fluroxypyr and chlorsulfuron but sensitive to glyphosate, atrazine, and dicamba. Subsequent dose‐response studies determined that Flur‐R was 40 times more resistant to fluroxypyr than a susceptible population (J01‐S) collected from the same field survey (LD50 720 and 20 g ae ha−1, respectively). Auxin‐responsive gene expression increased following fluroxypyr treatment in Flur‐R, J01‐S, and in a dicamba‐resistant, fluroxypyr‐susceptible line 9,425 in an RNA‐sequencing experiment. In Flur‐R, several transcripts with molecular functions for conjugation and transport were constitutively higher expressed, such as glutathione S‐transferases (GSTs), UDP‐glucosyl transferase (GT), and ATP binding cassette transporters (ABC transporters). After analyzing metabolic profiles over time, both Flur‐R and J01‐S rapidly converted [14C]‐fluroxypyr ester, the herbicide formulation applied to plants, to [14C]‐fluroxypyr acid, the biologically active form of the herbicide, and three unknown metabolites. The formation and flux of these metabolites were faster in Flur‐R than J01‐S, reducing the concentration of phytotoxic fluroxypyr acid. One unique metabolite was present in Flur‐R that was not present in the J01‐S metabolic profile. Gene sequence variant analysis specifically for auxin receptor and signaling proteins revealed the absence of non‐synonymous mutations affecting auxin signaling and binding in candidate auxin target site genes, further supporting our hypothesis that non‐target site metabolic degradation is contributing to fluroxypyr resistance in Flur‐R.

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Fluroxypyr-resistant kochia [Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J. Scott] confirmed in Alberta

Cited by 17 publications

References 15 publications

Wheat Density Alters but Does Not Repress the Expression of a Fluroxypyr-Resistant Kochia (Bassia scoparia) Phenotype

Wheat Density Alters but Does Not Repress the Expression of a Fluroxypyr-Resistant Kochia (Bassia scoparia) Phenotype

Burial Environment Drives Seed Mortality of Kochia (Bassia scoparia), Wild Oat (Avena fatua), and Volunteer Canola (Brassica napus) Irrespective of Crop Species

Enhanced metabolic detoxification is associated with fluroxypyr resistance in Bassia scoparia

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