Fluxes of water, sediments, and biogeochemical compounds in salt marshes

Fagherazzi, Sergio; Wiberg, Patricia L.; Temmerman, Stijn; Struyf, Eric; Yong, Zhao; Raymond, Peter A.

doi:10.1186/2192-1709-2-3

Cited by 102 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 118 publications

(143 reference statements)

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“…Although there are no significant differences in the particle size, a tendency to an increase of soil OM in the LD sites with decrease in particle size was found, which agrees with Madkour and Mohamed (2008). Studies on fluxes of OM have focused on the entire estuarine system, including fluxes from the ocean and nearby fluvial watersheds (Fagherazzi et al, 2013). However, it is important to determine the mechanisms controlling fluxes and the nature of OM within the tidal basin following the results of Arenas and De la Lanza (1981 and 1983) on soil OM biodegradability in a nearby coastal lagoon.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…High concentrations occurred during biologically dominated phase. This is because the hydrological phase increases the bioturbation and the transportation of organic material from external sources as well as the removal and oxidation of OM within the sediments due to drying and cracking of the soil during dry season (Arenas and De la Lanza, 1981; Fagherazzi et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of the Mangrove Soil With Different Levels of Disturbance in Tropical Agua Brava Lagoon, Mexican Pacific

Gutiérrez¹

2016

Appl Ecol Env Res

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Abstract. The texture and geochemical parameters of soil in tropical mangrove ecosystems have been broadly studied, but the effect of environmental stress on mangrove soil with different levels of disturbance has not been established. This study aimed to compare the texture and soil geochemistry of mangrove ecosystems with two levels of disturbance in the tidal basin of Agua Brava Lagoon, National Wetlands Nayarit, Mexico. Forty eight soil samples were collected from two areas of the mangrove ecosystem during an annual cycle; one in high mangrove condition (according to estimated Leaf Area Index) with low disturbance (LD) and the other in poor mangrove condition with high disturbance (HD). Generally, soil texture tends to be softer in LD than HD sites. LD sites had higher concentration of total N and P, organic matter (OM) and organic carbon (OC). HD sites presented an environmental stress with high levels of Ca, Na, salinity and conductivity. We identified four processes that dominate the dynamics of soil in the study area; MO, OC, N relationship and acid-base relationship. In conclusion, the soil conditions of LD and HD sites are dissimilar according to the level of mangrove disturbance, thus demonstrating the importance to maintain healthy mangrove ecosystem.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Mangrove Soil With Different Levels of Disturbance in Tropical Agua Brava Lagoon, Mexican Pacific

Gutiérrez¹

2016

Appl Ecol Env Res

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“…These findings confirm the findings by Davidson-Arnott et al (2002), who stated that not only a large input of SSC (by large river discharges) is required for large amounts of sediment deposition but also a low wave activity. Van der Wal and Pye (2004), Möller (2006), Fagherazzi et al (2007), Delgado et al (2013), andFagherazzi et al (2013) showed that wind wave related shear stress is decreased by vegetation and topographic irregularities. In our study, this effect was reflected in a decrease in observed sediment export from the Kleine Noordwaard study area under conditions of moderately north and easterly winds at low river discharges, since the tidal flats in the north and east of the Kleine Noordwaard area are characterised by a relatively irregular topography due to vegetated remnants of old embankments and polder drainage ditches.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors controlling sediment trapping in two freshwater tidal wetlands in the Biesbosch area, The Netherlands

2017

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Purpose A thorough understanding of mechanisms controlling sedimentation and erosion is vital for a proper assessment of the effectiveness of delta restoration. Only few field-based studies have been undertaken in freshwater tidal wetlands. Furthermore, studies that measured sediment deposition in newly created wetlands are also sparse. This paper aims to identify the factors controlling the sediment trapping of two newly created freshwater tidal wetlands. Materials and methods Two recently re-opened polder areas in the Biesbosch, The Netherlands are used as study area. Field measurements of water levels, flow velocities, and turbidity at both the in-and outlet of the areas were carried out to determine the sediment budgets and trapping efficiencies under varying conditions of river discharge, tide, and wind in the period 2014-2016. Results and discussion Short-term sediment fluxes of the two study areas varied due to river discharge, tide, and wind. A positive sediment budget and trapping efficiency was found for the first study area, which has a continuing supply of river water and sediment. Sediment was lost from the second study area which lies further from the river and had a lower sediment supply. The daily sediment budget is positively related to upstream river discharge, and in general, export takes place during ebb and import during flood. However, strong wind events overrule this pattern, and trapping efficiencies decrease for increasing wind strengths at mid-range river discharges and for the highest river discharges due to increased shear stress. Conclusions Delta restoration, based on sedimentation to compensate for sea-level rise and soil subsidence, could only be effective when there is a sufficient supply of water and sediment. Management to enhance the trapping efficiency of the incoming sediment should focus on directing sufficient river flow into the wetland, ensuring the supply of water and sediment within the system during a tidal cycle, creating sufficiently large residence time of water within the polder areas for sediment settling, and decreasing wave shear stress by the establishment of vegetation or topographic irregularities.

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“…Gardner and Kjerfve (2006) / year at Bly Creek, South Carolina, during a 1-year study. In Atlantic coast marshes, a larger magnitude in fluxes may be due to increased frequency and intensity of large storms resulting in storm surges, which facilitate sediment deposition (Fagherazzi et al 2013b).…”

Section: Discussion Atmospheric and Tidal Controls On Sediment Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tidal energy appeared to be driving the magnitude of the flux within the tidal channels in these salt marshes. In other marshes, storm-driven surge has accounted for a large percent of sediment fluxes over time (Cahoon et al 1996;Turner et al 2006;Fagherazzi et al 2013b). However, not all of our sites responded to tidal energy; the discrepancy is likely a result of the lower range of velocities observed in Seal Beach2.…”

Section: Discussion Atmospheric and Tidal Controls On Sediment Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Balanced Sediment Fluxes in Southern California’s Mediterranean-Climate Zone Salt Marshes

Rosencranz

Ganju

Ambrose

et al. 2015

Estuaries and Coasts

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Salt marsh elevation and geomorphic stability depends on mineral sedimentation. Many Mediterraneanclimate salt marshes along southern California, USA coast import sediment during El Niño storm events, but sediment fluxes and mechanisms during dry weather are potentially important for marsh stability. We calculated tidal creek sediment fluxes within a highly modified, sediment-starved, 1.5-km 2 salt marsh (Seal Beach) and a less modified 1-km 2 marsh (Mugu) with fluvial sediment supply. We measured salt marsh plain suspended sediment concentration and vertical accretion using single stage samplers and marker horizons. At Seal Beach, a 2014 storm yielded 39 and 28 g/s mean sediment fluxes and imported 12,000 and 8800 kg in a western and eastern channel. Western channel storm imports offset 8700 kg exported during 2 months of dry weather, while eastern channel storm imports augmented 9200 kg imported during dry weather. During the storm at Mugu, suspended sediment concentrations on the marsh plain increased by a factor of four; accretion was 1-2 mm near creek levees. An exceptionally high tide sequence yielded 4.4 g/s mean sediment flux, importing 1700 kg: 20 % of Mugu's dry weather fluxes. Overall, low sediment fluxes were observed, suggesting that these salt marshes are geomorphically stable during dry weather conditions. Results suggest storms and high lunar tides may play large roles, importing sediment and maintaining dry weather sediment flux balances for southern California salt marshes. However, under future climate change and sea level rise scenarios, results suggest that balanced sediment fluxes lead to marsh elevational instability based on estimated mineral sediment deficits.

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Fluxes of water, sediments, and biogeochemical compounds in salt marshes

Cited by 102 publications

References 118 publications

Comparison of the Mangrove Soil With Different Levels of Disturbance in Tropical Agua Brava Lagoon, Mexican Pacific

Comparison of the Mangrove Soil With Different Levels of Disturbance in Tropical Agua Brava Lagoon, Mexican Pacific

Factors controlling sediment trapping in two freshwater tidal wetlands in the Biesbosch area, The Netherlands

Balanced Sediment Fluxes in Southern California’s Mediterranean-Climate Zone Salt Marshes

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