2019
DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2019.105826
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Fly ash and slag

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Cited by 350 publications
(157 citation statements)
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References 109 publications
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“…The formation of a new crystalline reaction phase that still did not occur signified the structural evolution of the C-A-S-H gel, hence the increased composite strength that resulted later. Calcite was formed due to the excessive amount of CaO that reacted with CO 2 , while the magnetite phase took place due to the small amount of Fe contained in the chemical composition of fly ash [33]. The presence of the hydrosodalite phase indicated some geopolymerisation, but with low strength [34].…”
Section: Phase Analysismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The formation of a new crystalline reaction phase that still did not occur signified the structural evolution of the C-A-S-H gel, hence the increased composite strength that resulted later. Calcite was formed due to the excessive amount of CaO that reacted with CO 2 , while the magnetite phase took place due to the small amount of Fe contained in the chemical composition of fly ash [33]. The presence of the hydrosodalite phase indicated some geopolymerisation, but with low strength [34].…”
Section: Phase Analysismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…FA utilization problem is more complicate, because FA accounts for 15% of total ash (Pundinaitė-Barsteigienė et al, 2017). Not all FA may be used because of poor quality (Giergiczny et al, 2019). Collection, transportation and work with FA is more complicate than with bottom ash because of fine particles (Supancic & Obernberger, 2011).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Additional emission reductions can be achieved through the use of new technologies such as carbon capture and storage (CCS) and low carbon cement replacement components [7]. With this policy and technological prerequisites, a potential reduction in CO 2 emissions of up to 80 % can be achieved [8]. The production of hightech products in the construction industry, taking into account the reduction of environmental pollution, is largely realized through the introduction of effective low-emission (low-carbon) cements and concretes based on them [7].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The use of SCMs in cement production has a positive impact on the economic aspect of production and, crucially, is a significant factor in improving the environment. On the other hand, the use of industrial waste can reduce the consumption of natural raw materials, reduce CO 2 emissions and free up useful soils, which will reduce the risk of man-made disasters and contribute to the energy independence of the national economy [8].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%